A capillary dialyzer comprises: a) a housing; a bundle of semi-permeable hollow fiber membranes; c) end walls supporting the first and second ends of the hollow fiber membranes; d) a first end cap covering a first end of the housing and a second end cap covering a second end of the housing; e) an inlet and an outlet; f) support rings; and g) sealing rings interposed between the end wall and the first end cap and between the end wall and the second end cap, respectively. A circular groove of the end cap which receives the wall of the housing comprises indentations for creating a fluid connection between the inside of the capillary dialyzer and its exterior when the end caps are mounted on the housing but have not yet been welded to the housing.

A process for mechanical separation of sorbent particles in a Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) process using an ultrafiltration membrane and/or nanofiltration membrane. Also disclosed is a system for mechanical separation of sorbent particles in a Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) process using an ultrafiltration membrane and/or nanofiltration membrane. Also disclosed is an improved DLE process with a pH controlled upload step.

The invention concerns a process for the preparation of fish proteases from fish viscera, preferably from cod (Gadus genus) viscera. The fish proteases produced according to the invention have high specific enzymatic activity and are useful for food uses, for biomedical applications, in histology and tissue culture.

Parallel plate devices for hemofiltration or hemodialysis are provided. A parallel plate device includes a parallel plate assembly having an aligned stack of stackable plate subunits, each stackable plate subunit having a through channel for blood, where the blood channels are opened up at opposite ends of the parallel plate assembly. The parallel plate assembly is configured to form filtrate/dialysate channels interleaved with the blood channels, adjacent channels being separated by a silicon nanoporous filtration membrane. A blood conduit adaptor is attached to the parallel plate assembly at each of the ends, and is configured to distribute blood to or collect blood from the blood channels. Also provided are systems and methods for using the parallel plate devices.

A method that regulates supply of substituate in an extracorporeal blood treatment with an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus comprising a dialyzer divided by a semipermeable membrane into a blood chamber and a dialyzing fluid chamber and a device for supplying substituate. An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus that includes a device for regulating supply of substituate. Regulation of supply of substituate in the extracorporeal blood treatment takes place as a function of the rheological loading of the dialyzer. To regulate supply of substituate during extracorporeal blood treatment, rheological loading of the dialyzer is determined from transmembrane pressure on the dialyzer and flow resistance of the dialyzer and substituate rate is increased or reduced according to the loading. The selection of dialyzer parameters or blood parameters is therefore no longer necessary and the distinction between pre-dilution and post-dilution is also made obsolete.

Disclosed is a means for facilitating, in a method for separating and individually collecting organic acids and alkali salts from organic acid alkali salts, separation/collection of lactic acids and alkali salts via an economic and eco-friendly diffusion analysis method without adding a complicated process such as electrodialysis or electrolysis. During a process of diffusion dialysis of organic acid salts, gaseous components that can release protons are injected into a collection part so that the electroneutrality in solution can be maintained and protons can be transferred to a feed part, thereby facilitating the collection of organic acids. Also, alkali cations that have moved to the collection part may form alkali salts with the gaseous components and be then collected, and a nonsolvent may be used to lower the solubility of the alkali salts for easy collection.

A dialyzer housing manufacturing system includes a molding device configured to mold a dialyzer housing, and a tool coupled to a robotic arm and configured to retrieve the dialyzer housing from the molding device after the dialyzer housing is molded. The tool includes a frame, a first suction cup connected to a first portion of the frame, and a second suction cup connected to a second portion of the frame, the second suction cup being oriented about 70 degrees to about 110 degrees relative to the first suction cup.

A method for producing a composition including a step A of performing ultrafiltration, microfiltration, dialysis membrane treatment, or a combination thereof on a composition containing water and a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer is a polymer having a structural unit M3 derived from a monomer represented by general formula (1):
CX.sub.2CY(CZ.sub.2ORf-A)(1)
where X is the same or different and is H or F; Y is H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is the same or different and is H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group; Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 2 to 100 carbon atoms and having an ether bond; and A is COOM, SO.sub.3M, OSO.sub.3M, or C(CF.sub.3).sub.2OM, wherein M is as defined herein; provided that at least one of X, Y, and Z includes a fluorine atom.

Provided herein are compositions, devices, and methods including nanofiber compositions comprising a polymer and nanoparticles including one or more of nickel, cobalt, silver, and tetraphenylborate, wherein the compositions are capable of binding targets in the blood related to blood disorders symptomatic of kidney disease and/or failure.

A connector for connecting a dialyzer to a hole in a side wall of a water pipe, the connector including a connector body including a cavity crossing the connector body from a first end of the connector body to a second end, for enabling water flow from the first end to the second end, wherein the cavity at the first end is shaped and sized for pressing onto a port of a dialyzer, and the cavity at the second end is shaped and sized for pressing into a hole in a side wall of a water pipe. In a water filtration system including dialyzers for water filtration, a method of cleaning a dialyzer including providing clean water from a clean water output of one first dialyzer to a clean water output of one second dialyzer, to backwash the second dialyzer. Related apparatus and methods are also described.