The present application is directed to systems and methods for on-board fuel separation. The system includes: a source fuel tank for liquid fuel; a pump; and a membrane module. The membrane module includes a hydrophilic membrane, a retentate channel, and a permeate channel. The retentate and permeate channels are on opposing sides of the membrane. The membrane module receives fuel from the source fuel tank and separates the liquid fuel into a high octane fraction that collects in the retentate channel and a low octane fraction that diffuses through the membrane to the permeate channel. The system further includes a low octane fuel tank for receiving at least a portion of the low octane fraction, a high octane fuel tank for receiving at least a portion of the high octane fraction, and an engine configured to selectively receive at least a portion of the low and high octane fractions.

Provided is a membrane distillation system capable of real-time monitoring of membrane wetting, which includes: a raw water storage tank configured to store fluid; a membrane distillation water treatment unit configured to receive raw water stored in the raw water storage tank to generate pure water, the membrane distillation water treatment unit having an inlet water chamber into which an inlet water flows from the raw water storage tank, a membrane for separating the inlet water in the inlet water chamber into a steam and a concentrated water, and a treated water chamber for receiving the steam separated by the membrane and concentrating the steam; and a membrane wetting detection unit to detect a membrane wetting phenomenon and a membrane wetting location of the membrane by measuring a light passing through the membrane in real time.

An internal combustion engine fuel supply system includes a first fuel tank, a separator, and circuitry. The first fuel tank is to store fuel. The separator is connected to the first fuel tank to separate the fuel supplied from the first fuel tank into a high octane fuel and a low octane fuel which are to be supplied to an internal combustion engine. The high octane fuel has a first octane number. The low octane fuel has a second octane number lower than the first octane number. The circuitry is configured to determine whether fuel has been supplied to the first fuel tank, and to operate the separator to separate the fuel into the high octane fuel and the low octane fuel when it is determined that fuel has been supplied to the first fuel tank.

The present disclosure relates to a floating type membrane distillation module for collecting sunlight to heat raw water and supplying the heated raw water to a membrane distillation separation membrane, to ensure effective heating of raw water and supply of the uniformly heated raw water to a membrane distillation separation membrane.

This disclosure relates to a multistage distillation system for concentrating a feed liquid, the system including at least one module being assembled by a stack of frame elements, wherein each module includes at least one stage, such that the system includes in total a plurality of stages configured to be flowed through in series by a main feed liquid. Each stage of the plurality of stages is configured to generate steam and feed the steam to a subsequent stage. The first stage of the plurality of stages is configured to heat the main feed liquid and/or to be fed with heated main feed liquid. The system further includes an intermediate cooling device configured to cool the heated main feed liquid before flowing to at least one of the second to last stages of the plurality of serial stages.

A degassing tube includes a first plate, a second plate and a degassing tube. The first plate has a recess portion and a flange surrounding the recess portion. The flange has a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. A tube connector is disposed protrusively from the second side and located on the flange. The second plate covers the first plate. The degassing tube is disposed in the tube connector. The tube connector is formed with a degassing opening indented from the first side. The degassing opening has a maximum width defined in the tube connector and a minimum width defined on the first side. The minimum width is less than the maximum width for making the degassing tube tightly connected in the tube connector.

A resource recovery method includes: feeding raw water to a first-stage raw water tank; supplying high-temperature vapor to a first-stage heat exchanger; performing heat exchange between the supplied high-temperature vapor and the raw water in the first-stage raw water tank, changing a portion of the water into vapor and supplying the changed vapor to a subsequent-stage heat exchanger; repeatedly performing the performing step for each of the raw water tanks sequentially in the order from a second state to a n-th stage; being feed to a crystallizer from the n-th stage raw water tank; detecting a turbidity of the raw water fed to the crystallizer from the n-th-stage raw water tank; and extracting crystals of valuable resources contained in the raw water fed to the crystallizer from the n-th-stage raw water tank when the turbidity of the raw water becomes a predetermined value.

A membrane obtainable from curing a composition comprising: (i) a curable compound comprising at least two (meth)acrylic groups and a sulphonic acid group and having a molecular weight which satisfies the equation:
MW<(300+300n) wherein: MW is the molecular weight of the said curable compound; and n has a value of 1, 2, 3 or 4 and is the number of sulphonic acid groups present in the said curable compound; and optionally (ii) a curable compound having one ethylenically unsaturated group; wherein the molar fraction of curable compounds comprising at least two (meth)acrylic groups, relative to the total number of moles of curable compounds present in the composition, is at least 0.25.

Radiative heating and radiative feed modification systems and methods using microwave, radio frequency, magnetic field and ultrasound in membrane separation processes including membrane distillation (MD), reverse osmosis, forward osmosis and pervaporation are disclosed. Membrane distillation systems include at least one MD module, the MD module having at least one membrane, a feed inlet operable to receive a feed media and a feed outlet, and a radiative energy source operable to apply radiation to a feed media entering the feed inlet.

Provided are: a dehydration system in which occurrence of damage to a membrane element in a zeolite membrane module can be suppressed; and an operation method of the same. This dehydration system for aqueous organic compounds includes: a zeolite membrane module, inside of which one or plural tubular membrane elements each having a zeolite membrane are arranged and which separates water from an aqueous organic compound supplied thereto; a pressure-reducing means; a condenser, and the dehydration system has at least one of the following configurations (1) and (2). Configuration (1): the dehydration system includes a temperature-maintaining means for maintaining a pipe connecting the membrane module and the condenser to have a temperature at which water does not condense, and Configuration (2): the pipe connecting the membrane module and the condenser is arranged downward from a permeated water outlet of the membrane module toward the condenser.