A gravity-driven plant cultivation system includes: (a) a frame; (b) a plurality of vertically stacked conveyor assemblies mounted to the frame. Each conveyor assembly includes at least one gravity conveyor extending along a conveyor axis. The conveyor axis slopes downwards relative to a horizontal plane from a frame upstream end to a frame downstream end of the frame. The system further includes (c) a plurality of plant cultivation trays rollingly supported on each gravity conveyor and urged to translate along a respective conveyor axis toward the frame downstream end via gravitational force.

A gravity-driven plant cultivation system includes: (a) a frame; (b) a plurality of vertically stacked conveyor assemblies mounted to the frame. Each conveyor assembly includes at least one gravity conveyor extending along a conveyor axis. The conveyor axis slopes downwards relative to a horizontal plane from a frame upstream end to a frame downstream end of the frame. The system further includes (c) a plurality of plant cultivation trays rollingly supported on each gravity conveyor and urged to translate along a respective conveyor axis toward the frame downstream end via gravitational force.

This disclosure relates to a system for determining a distribution in a greenhouse of values of an environmental parameter. The system comprises one or more air flow sensors for measuring a magnitude and/or direction of air flow at first one or more positions in the greenhouse. The system further comprises one or more environmental sensors for measuring the environmental parameter at second one or more positions in the greenhouse. The system also comprises a data processing system that is configured to receive first signals from the one or more air flow sensors. The first signals are indicative of the respective magnitudes and/or directions of air flow at the respective first one or more positions in the greenhouse. The data processing system is also configured to receive second signals from the one or more environmental sensors. The second signals are indicative of the respective values of the environmental parameter at the respective second one or more positions in the greenhouse. The data processing system is also configured to determine, based on the first signals and based on the second signals, values of the environmental parameter at third one or more positions in the greenhouse thus determining the distribution in the greenhouse of values of the environmental parameter. Herein the third one or more positions are different from the second one or more positions. This disclosure further relates to a computer-implemented method for determining such distribution.

Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and devices in which acid produced by a reactor, such as an electrochemical reactor or other type acid producing reactor, is used to produce carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from a carbonate and the produced CO.sub.2 is used, or made available for use, for one or more purposes. In some embodiments, the electrochemical reactor may be powered by a renewable energy source.

Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and devices in which acid produced by a reactor, such as an electrochemical reactor or other type acid producing reactor, is used to produce carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from a carbonate and the produced CO.sub.2 is used, or made available for use, for one or more purposes. In some embodiments, the electrochemical reactor may be powered by a renewable energy source.

Provided is a tomato plant that satisfies Formula (1) and the application:

6.0≤L/X≤30.0  (1) wherein, in the formula, in a case where the tomato plant does not have a side branch, L represents a length in cm unit from a planting surface to a growth point of a main branch, and X represents a sum of the number of flower clusters and fruit clusters of the main branch, and in a case where the tomato plant has a side branch, L represents a length in cm unit from the planting surface to the growth point of one main branch or side branch, and X represents a sum of the number of flower clusters and fruit clusters of the one main branch or side branch, and where X is an integer of 2 or more.

A bioreactor includes a first compartment designed to retain seaweed sporophytes, a second compartment in fluid communication with the first compartment that includes one or more settlement surfaces, and a first porous barrier between the first and second compartments that allows the seaweed spores to pass from the first compartment to the second compartment, and systems comprising the bioreactor. Also provided herein are methods of culturing seaweed, for example, using a bioreactor provided herein.

A bioreactor includes a first compartment designed to retain seaweed sporophytes, a second compartment in fluid communication with the first compartment that includes one or more settlement surfaces, and a first porous barrier between the first and second compartments that allows the seaweed spores to pass from the first compartment to the second compartment, and systems comprising the bioreactor. Also provided herein are methods of culturing seaweed, for example, using a bioreactor provided herein.

An integrated sensor assembly includes a housing having a rectangular shape, a front side having a length and width and including a plurality of openings, and a thickness significantly less than the length or the width of the front side. The assembly includes an infrared thermal sensor disposed in the housing and aligned with a first opening of the plurality of openings, a time-of-flight proximity sensor disposed in the housing and aligned with a second opening of the plurality of openings, and a color light sensor, disposed in the housing and aligned with the second opening of the plurality of openings, to respectively sense at least red light, green light, and blue light. The integrated sensor assembly does not include a narrowband irradiator to facilitate multispectral imaging of reflected or emitted radiation from at least one object in response to irradiation by the narrowband irradiator.

An integrated sensor assembly includes a housing having a rectangular shape, a front side having a length and width and including a plurality of openings, and a thickness significantly less than the length or the width of the front side. The assembly includes an infrared thermal sensor disposed in the housing and aligned with a first opening of the plurality of openings, a time-of-flight proximity sensor disposed in the housing and aligned with a second opening of the plurality of openings, and a color light sensor, disposed in the housing and aligned with the second opening of the plurality of openings, to respectively sense at least red light, green light, and blue light. The integrated sensor assembly does not include a narrowband irradiator to facilitate multispectral imaging of reflected or emitted radiation from at least one object in response to irradiation by the narrowband irradiator.