The present invention relates to a membrane humidifier for a fuel cell capable of simplifying a fuel cell system and miniaturizing the fuel cell system by performing humidification by moisture exchange and cooling by heat exchange in one membrane humidifier, and a fuel cell system comprising same. The membrane humidifier for a fuel cell of the present invention comprises both a humidification module and a heat exchange module in a housing part, and distributes a first fluid to the humidification module and the heat exchange module at a variable distribution ratio.

In some examples, a membrane module includes a fiber bundle. The fiber bundle includes a tubular first region and a tubular second region positioned around the tubular first region. One of the first or second regions includes hollow fibers oriented along an axis of the fiber bundle. Another of the first or second regions includes hollow fibers that are not colinear in a radial direction from the axis of the fiber bundle. A void fraction of the second region is different from a void fraction of the first region.

In some examples, a membrane module includes a fiber bundle. The fiber bundle includes a tubular first region and a tubular second region positioned around the tubular first region. One of the first or second regions includes hollow fibers oriented along an axis of the fiber bundle. Another of the first or second regions includes hollow fibers that are not colinear in a radial direction from the axis of the fiber bundle. A void fraction of the second region is different from a void fraction of the first region.

A supercoil filtration unit is provided. The supercoil filtration unit includes an outer coil, and an inner coil disposed within the outer coil. The inner coil includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes which are aligned and arranged into a helical bundle containing multiple turns of the inner coil per turn of the outer coil. The supercoil filtration unit further includes a feed inlet, a permeate outlet, and a retentate outlet. The feed inlet is disposed upon the outer coil and in fluid communication with a first interior volume. The permeate outlet is disposed upon the outer coil at a location distant from the feed inlet and in fluid communication with a second interior volume. The retentate outlet is disposed upon the outer coil at a location distant from the feed inlet and in fluid communication with the first interior volume.

A hollow fiber module includes hollow fiber cartridges. A port receives a second solution to be treated in a shell side volume and another port for discharging the treated second solution. A first end cap has an inlet for a first solution and a distributer for distributing the first solution to a first end of the hollow fiber cartridges. A second end cap has a collector for collecting the treated first solution from the second end of the hollow fiber cartridges and an outlet for the treated first solution. A first connector has an inlet for the second solution and a distributer for distributing the second solution to a port of the hollow fiber cartridges. A second connector has a collector for collecting the treated second solution from the other port of the hollow fiber cartridges and an outlet for the treated second solution.

A degasification system includes a plurality of degasification units which degasifies a liquid and a cylindrical housing which houses the plurality of degasification units in parallel. Each of the plurality of degasification units includes a hollow fiber membrane bundle in which a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are bundled in a cylindrical shape and a cylinder in which the hollow fiber membrane bundle is housed. The housing has an inlet, an outlet, and a sealing portion which partitions an internal space of the housing into an upstream side region on the inlet side and a downstream side region on the outlet side via the plurality of degasification units. The plurality of degasification units are configured such that pressure losses of the liquid differ depending on a distance from a central axis of the housing.

A separation membrane module 100 of the present invention includes: a container 10; a degassing membrane element 20 that is disposed inside the container 10; and a separation membrane element 60 that is disposed inside the container 10, is located upstream or downstream of the degassing membrane element 20 in a flow direction of a liquid to be treated, and filters the liquid. The separation membrane element 60 is for example, an NF membrane element or an RO membrane element.

A separation membrane module 100 of the present invention includes: a container 10; a degassing membrane element 20 that is disposed inside the container 10; and a separation membrane element 60 that is disposed inside the container 10, is located upstream or downstream of the degassing membrane element 20 in a flow direction of a liquid to be treated, and filters the liquid. The separation membrane element 60 is for example, an NF membrane element or an RO membrane element.

The present disclosure is directed toward membrane biofilm reactors primarily comprising microorganisms that produce chemical fuel products or precursors thereof. Reactors of the present disclosure can primarily comprise acetogens, a methanotrophs, and/or Methanosarcina acetivorans.

The present disclosure is directed toward membrane biofilm reactors primarily comprising microorganisms that produce chemical fuel products or precursors thereof. Reactors of the present disclosure can primarily comprise acetogens, a methanotrophs, and/or Methanosarcina acetivorans.