A method of sewage treatment includes: immersing a separation membrane module into sewage, wherein the separation membrane module has a plurality of separation membrane elements, each having a supporting plate, a separation membrane and a filtered water outlet; separating water into filtered water and suspended solids by having the water permeated through the separation membrane; and having the filtered water flow toward the exterior from the filtered water outlet;
wherein the separation membrane has a nonwoven fabric and a porous resin layer on at least one surface of the nonwoven fabric; and
a part of the resin permeates into the nonwoven fabric to form a composite layer with the nonwoven fabric.

A filter composite material is provided that includes first and second filtration membranes and a drainage material arranged therebetween. The drainage material and the filtration membranes are laminated using adhesive nets. A flat filter element is made as a blank from the filter composite material and has a geometric shape adapted to the particular end use.

The invention relates to a filtration system for use in a method of determining the presence and/or amount of cells, for example, viable cells, in a liquid sample, and to methods of using and manufacturing such a filtration system. The filtration system includes a cup with an upper portion and a ring portion, where the ring portion is separably coupled to the upper portion.

A process for preparing a membrane stack comprising the steps of: (i) interposing a curable adhesive between alternate anion exchange membranes and cation exchange; and (ii) curing the adhesive; CHARACTERISED IN THAT said adhesive, when cured, has a Shore A hardness of less than 70 and an elongation at break of at least 50%.

A process for preparing a membrane stack comprising the steps of (i) interposing a curable adhesive between alternate anion exchange membranes and cation exchange; and (ii) curing the adhesive; CHARACTERISED IN THAT said membranes are in a swollen state when step (ii) is performed.

A laminate is provided comprising at least one polysulfone and/or polyethersulfone porous membrane heat bonded to a polyvinylidene fluoride substrate.

The invention relates to a filter element (1) comprising a drainage element (2) which is arranged between two filter membranes (3). According to the invention, said drainage element (2) is made of a non-woven filtering material which is arranged in a laminated manner between the filter membranes (3) respectively by means of an adhesive non-woven material (4). The invention also relates to a method for producing a filter element (1), a drainage element (2) made from a non-woven filtering material being laminated between two filter membranes (3). An adhesive non-woven material (4) is arranged between the drainage element (2) and each filter membrane (3), then lamination takes place due to the thermal effect under pressure.

A tangential flow filtration manifold takes a modular form for interconnection in a manifolded arrangement for aggregating a total filtration area of the aggregate filter (membrane) surface. A plurality of modular TFF cassette filters may be or stacked on the TFF manifold such that it allows the number of interconnected filters, as well as the membrane surface area within each cassette, to be readily reconfigured. A single output, or filtrate connection on the TFF manifold simplifies fluidic plumbing connections for directing and gathering the filtrate (permeate) produced as output.

A method of manufacturing an atomizing body for an atomizing device includes the steps of providing a support element having a first layer on a first surface of the support element and a second layer on a second surface of the support element, the first layer including a first perforated membrane and the second layer including a process orifice, etching a cavity through the support element, the cavity forming a fluid connection from the process orifice to the perforated membrane, by providing etching substance to the process orifice. The atomizing body as obtained may advantageously be applied in an atomizing device or an inhaler.

A piece of substrate material is formed under heat and pressure against a cavity into a shaped substrate sheet having one or more depressions. Two substrate sheets are bonded together to form a substrate wherein the one or more depressions form one or more interior channels. The substrate, if not formed with pre-coated substrate material, is coated with a dope and quenched to form a filtering membrane. A plurality of membranes may be placed side by side to form a bundle with permeating ends of the membrane, which are open to the one or more interior channels, separated by gaps or spacers. The bundle is connected to a header to produce a module. The module can be assembled into a cassette.