A device (10) for capacitive deionization of an aqueous media containing dissolved ion species, said device comprising a cell with a first primary electrode (2) and a second primary electrode (3) arranged opposite the first primary electrode (2) and preferably separated by at least one non-conductive spacer (4, 4). A third electrode (7) is arranged between the first and the second electrode. The third electrode (7) is grounded whereas the first and the second electrodes are polarized versus the grounded third electrode.

Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to membranes for filtration, methods of manufacturing the same, and membrane modules incorporating the same. In an embodiment, a membrane is disclosed. The membrane includes a porous cellulose layer, a polyamide thin film layer bonded to the porous cellulose layer, and a fabric support layer that supports the porous cellulose layer and the polyamide thin film layer. The porous cellulose layer has a pore size of about 30 nm to about 500 nm at an exposed surface of the porous cellulose layer.

A cartridge filter includes a feedwater inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, a tube arranged at the center of the cartridge filter, an interior volume of the tube being in fluid communication with the first outlet, and a spiral wound filter assembly extending radially outward from the central tube and including a prefilter, a reverse osmosis filter, and a postfilter. The prefilter is located radially outward from the reverse osmosis filter and the postfilter.

A separation membrane element of the present invention includes: a separation membranes each having a feed-side face and a permeate-side face and forming a separation membrane pair by being arranged so that the permeate-side faces face each other; and a permeate-side channel material provided between the permeate-side faces of the separation membranes, the permeate-side channel material includes a sheet and a plurality of projections formed on the sheet, the sheet is a porous sheet having pores on a surface thereof, and has densely fused parts, coarsely fused parts and non-fused parts on the surface, and the projections contain a resin, and a part of the resin is impregnated into the pores of the sheet.

Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to methods and systems for treating wastewater via forward osmosis. By way of example, the methods and systems disclosed herein may be used to filter one or more precipitated salts and/or other particles from wastewater generated by power plants such as flue gas wastewater, oil and gas wastewater, and other industrial processes. For example, the methods and systems disclosed herein may be used to filter one or more precipitated salts from a wastewater feed concentrate formed during the forward osmosis process that is recirculated through at least one membrane module to continue the forward osmosis process. Filtering the one or more precipitated salts from the wastewater feed concentrate helps limit clogging of open channel feed spacer(s) of the at least one membrane module.

A side-flow type RO filter is provided including a filter housing including a top-open housing and a bottom-open cap coupled to an opening of the housing, where a raw water inlet port, a purified water outlet port and a concentrated water outlet port are formed in the filter housing; an RO filter provided inside the filter housing with a reverse osmosis membrane sheet wound in a roll-type; and a central pipe provided in a center portion of the RO filter and an exit thereof is connected to the purified water outlet port, the central pipe being configured to collect the purified water that passes a peneratrion hole after being purified by the reverse osmosis membrane sheet and transfer the purified water to the purified water outlet port, wherein the RO filter is configured to transfer the raw water introduced through an outside end of the reverse osmosis membrane sheet in a longitudinal direction of the reverse osmosis membrane sheet thereby extending the transfer path of the raw water and separate the raw water into purified water that passes the reverse osmosis membrane sheet and concentrated water filtered by the reverse osmosis membrane sheet to be transferred to the concentrated water outlet port.

A method of producing a gas separation membrane, includes: an ultraviolet ozone treatment of irradiating a resin layer precursor which has a siloxane bond with light containing ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 185 nm and ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 254 nm to form a resin layer that contains a compound having a siloxane bond, in which a cumulative irradiation dose of the ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 185 nm is in a range of 6.0 to 17.0 J/cm.sup.2, a cumulative irradiation dose of the ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 254 nm is in a range of 120 to 330 J/cm.sup.2, and the compound having a siloxane bond contained in the resin layer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula (2) or a repeating unit represented by Formula (3).

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The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a spiral wound separation membrane element that is capable of maintaining the membrane performance of a composite semipermeable membrane before processing into an element and has excellent membrane performance. This method for producing a spiral wound separation membrane element includes: a step for preparing a composite semipermeable membrane having a skin layer on the surface of a porous support; a step for forming on the skin layer a protective layer containing 35 mg/m.sup.2 or more of an anionic polyvinyl alcohol to prepare a protective layer-equipped composite semipermeable membrane; a step for preparing an unwashed spiral wound separation membrane element using the protective layer-equipped composite semipermeable membrane; and a step for passing wash water through the unwashed spiral wound separation membrane element to remove the protective layer on the skin layer.

Spacers for filtration membranes that are formed from perforated films. The spacer include unperforated regions, which can serve as integrated lamination strips, advantageously omitting the need for separate lamination steps required with woven and nonwoven spacer fabrics while also providing a spacer with a uniform thickness.

A cartridge filter includes a feedwater inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, a tube arranged at the center of the cartridge filter, an interior volume of the tube being in fluid communication with the first outlet, and a spiral wound filter assembly extending radially outward from the central tube and including a prefilter, a reverse osmosis filter, and a postfilter. The prefilter is located radially outward from the reverse osmosis filter and the postfilter.