Embodiments described herein are directed to methods of manufacturing a multi-leaf membrane module for filtering product fluid flow (e.g., food products or wastewater) and such multi-leaf membrane modules. In an embodiment, a multi-leaf membrane module is disclosed. The multi-leaf membrane module includes a permeate fluid flow tube defining a permeate fluid flow channel for permeate, and a membrane sheet spirally wound about the permeate fluid flow tube. The membrane sheet includes two or more leaves. Each of the two or more leaves includes a feed spacer including at least one opening formed therein that at least partially defines a feed channel for product fluid flow therethrough and a permeate structure defining a permeate fluid flow channel. The permeate structure of each of the two or more leaves includes at least one membrane and at least one porous permeate spacer.

Provided is a water-treatment filter module, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a helical strand for a water-treatment filter module, and a method for manufacturing a spacer. Also provided is a water-treatment filter module comprising a membrane for filtering raw water, and a spacer laminated to the membrane and providing a plurality of passages for passing the raw water through to the membrane, wherein the spacer includes a first member extending in a first direction and a second member extending in a second direction that is different from the first direction and disposed so as to form spacer cells by intersecting with the first member, and at least one of the first member and the second member is wound in a spiral shape having a predetermined pitch of a predetermined radius around a central axis.

A filter device (10), in particular for a tangential flow filtration device, has at least one fluid inlet (22), at least one retentate outlet (24) and at least one permeate outlet (26). The filter device (10) further has at least one membrane (16) which separates a retentate section (18) from a permeate section (20) in the filter device (10). Arranged in the retentate section (18) and/or in the permeate section (20) is at least one flow fitting (28) which is not formed from a woven or non-woven fabric, but from a structured plastic part, silicone part, metal part or ceramic part.

A spiral wound membrane module adapted for hyperfiltration and including at least one membrane envelope and feed spacer sheet wound about a central permeate tube to form an inlet and outlet scroll face and an outer periphery, wherein the feed spacer sheet includes: i) a feed entrance section extending along the permeate collection tube from the inlet scroll face toward the outlet scroll face, ii) a feed exit section extending along the outer periphery from the outlet scroll face toward the inlet scroll face, and iii) a central feed section located between the feed entrance section and the feed exit section; and wherein the feed entrance section has a median resistance to flow in a direction parallel to the permeate collection tube that is less than 25% of the median resistance to flow of the central feed section in a direction perpendicular to the permeate collection tube.

A central tube assembly for a filter cartridge and a manufacturing method for the central tube assembly are provided. The central tube assembly includes a first half-tube defines a first flow passage, and having a first water inlet at an end thereof and a water output hole in a side wall thereof, a filtering membrane bent to form a first membrane layer and a second membrane layer, the first half-tube being disposed between the first membrane layer and the second membrane layer; an input-water filtering net connected to the first half-tube and disposed between the first membrane layer and the second membrane layer, a second half-tube disposed outside of a bending of the filtering membrane, defining a second flow passage, and having a water input hole in a side wall thereof and a first water outlet at an end thereof, and a produced-water filtering net.

A spiral wound membrane module including a specialized end cap assembly including a connecting conduit defining a passageway extending radially inward from its outer periphery, and a differential pressure sensor connected to the passageway of the connecting conduit.

A permeate carrier for reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, or microfiltration systems is provided. The permeate carrier includes a tricot knitted fabric sheet which includes synthetic yarns knitted into pillars formed by a 1-0, 0-1 lapping pattern or a 0-1, 1-0 lapping pattern and cross ribs formed by a 2-3, 1-0 lapping or a 1-0, 2-3 lapping pattern. The permeate carrier is configured for placement between adjacent filter membranes in a water filtration system.

A process for separating a feed gas comprising a polar gas and a non-polar gas into a permeate gas and a retentate gas, one of which is enriched in the polar gas and the other of which is depleted in the polar gas, the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation module comprising: (i) a feed carrier comprising a membrane envelope and a feed spacer located within the membrane envelope; and (ii) a permeate carrier comprising: (a) a macroporous sheet; and (b) a protective sheet; and wherein: i) the feed gas is fed along the feed spacer of the feed carrier and a part of the feed gas passes through the membrane envelope and into the permeate carrier to give the permeate gas and a part of the feed gas is rejected by the membrane to give the retentate gas; ii) the protective sheet shields at least a part of the membrane envelope from contact with the macroporous sheet; and iii) the protective sheet comprises a non-woven material.

A spiral wound membrane element comprising feed spacer elements applied to the active polyamide surface of the membrane sheet, where the feed spacer elements comprise similar material as the active polyamide layer.

Filter elements (20, 100) for perfusion systems and methods are provided. A filter element sheet includes a microporous membrane (63, 112) having a mean pore size of at least about 0.65 m and a feed spacer (25, 120) comprising woven fibers and having an open area of at least about 35%. The filter element sheet can be arranged within a filter element, for example, in a spiral-wound format or in a cassette format. A perfusion system includes at least one filter element and a pump configured to control flow of a liquid feed through the at least one filter element.