Disclosed herein are spacers having baffle designs and perforations for efficiently and effectively separating one or more membrane layers a membrane filtration system. The spacer includes a body formed at least in part by baffles that are interconnected, and the baffles define boundaries of openings or apertures through a thickness direction of the body of the spacer. Alternatively or additionally, passages or perforations may be present in the spacer layer or baffles for fluid flow there through, with the passages and baffles having a numerous different shapes and sizes.

The present invention relates to a crossflow membrane module configured to separate a feed fluid into a permeate fluid and a residue fluid across one or more membrane sheet(s). The crossflow module comprises a second end offset from a first end along the first direction where an inlet is provided at the first end and an outlet is provided at the second end. The one or more membrane sheet(s) each have a first portion and a second portion. A conduit is adjacent to the first side of each membrane sheet and is configured to receive and output the permeate fluid separated from the feed fluid. The second portion of the membrane sheet has a greater permeance for a major component than the first portion such that the second part of the permeate fluid, which is generated by separation across the second portion of the membrane sheet, has a higher concentration of the major component than the first part of the permeate fluid, which is generated by separation across the first portion. The second portion is spaced apart from the first side of the membrane sheet along the second direction thereby causing the second part of the permeate gas to flow towards the first side of the membrane sheet such that the second part of the permeate gas mixes with the first part of the permeate gas thereby reducing the concentration of the minor component in the first part of the permeate gas.

Provided is a reverse osmosis spacer and a reverse osmosis element with a high recovery rate, and, more particularly, to a reverse osmosis spacer and a reverse osmosis element with a high recovery rate, which are capable of increasing a flow rate of produced water and decreasing less a salt removal rate in the reverse osmosis element during an operation at a high recovery rate with a structure of the reverse osmosis spacer that comprises the reverse osmosis element.

The present invention provides compact spiral-wound filter elements having cassette-like performance. The invention further provides filtration systems (e.g., TFF systems) and processes (e.g., SPTFF processes) employing compact spiral-wound filter elements having cassette-like performance.

Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and apparatuses that can alter flow characteristics within the feed channel of a cross-flow filtration element by employing a varying geometry of the feed spacer at a fixed channel height.

Provided are a composite semipermeable membrane capable of enhancing adhesion between a separation functional layer provided with a coating layer and a protective tape while maintaining an effect of the coating layer to some extent, and a spiral membrane element using the composite semipermeable membrane.

A composite semipermeable membrane includes: a porous support; a separation functional layer formed on the porous support; and a coating layer provided on a surface of the separation functional layer, the coating layer having different surface roughnesses due to different adhesion amounts of a coating material depending on locations. The composite semipermeable membrane has a coating layer-side surface on which a glossy portion having a surface roughness Ra of 30 nm or less and a non-glossy portion having a surface roughness Ra of 50 nm or more are provided.

Provided is a water-treatment filter module, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a helical strand for a water-treatment filter module, and a method for manufacturing a spacer. Also provided is a water-treatment filter module comprising a membrane for filtering raw water, and a spacer laminated to the membrane and providing a plurality of passages for passing the raw water through to the membrane, wherein the spacer includes a first member extending in a first direction and a second member extending in a second direction that is different from the first direction and disposed so as to form spacer cells by intersecting with the first member, and at least one of the first member and the second member is wound in a spiral shape having a predetermined pitch of a predetermined radius around a central axis.

A spiral wound membrane module, comprising a perforated core having an axially extending internal bore; at least one membrane packet comprising a folded membrane sheet defining a first outer face, a first inner face, a second outer face and a second inner face, the fold of the folded membrane sheet being a leading end of the membrane packet; a feed sheet positioned between the first and second inner faces so as to be sandwiched by the folded membrane sheet; a first permeate screen adjacent the first outer face of the membrane sheet defining a first permeate channel; a second permeate screen adjacent the second outer face of the membrane sheet defining a second permeate channel; and a fluid impermeable support coupled to the leading edge of the membrane packet. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the spiral wound membrane module.

A spiral wound assembly including a pressure vessel including an inner chamber, feed inlet, concentrate outlet and permeate outlet and a spiral wound membrane module located within the inner chamber of the pressure vessel; wherein the assembly is characterized by including: i) a flow restrictor comprising: a first and second plate in sealing contact with one another; and a fluid channel located between the first and second plate and including a first end in fluid communication with at least one of the concentrate outlet and the permeate outlet, and a second end adapted for discharging fluid from the spiral wound assembly; and ii) a sensor sheet comprising at least one sensor element located between the first and second plates and in contact with the fluid channel, wherein the sensor sheet is adapted for measuring a property of fluid passing through the fluid channel.

A spiral-wound type gas separation membrane element includes a central tube and a laminate wound around the central tube. Laminate includes at least one structure where a feed-side flow path member, a gas separation membrane, and a permeate-side flow path member are superimposed in this order. Permeate-side flow path member has a thickness of 400 μm to 1300 μm. Gas separation membrane is a membrane where a hydrophilic resin composition layer, a porous layer, and a permeate-side surface layer are superimposed in this order. Permeate-side surface layer faces Permeate-side flow path member and has a Young's modulus of 20 MPa to 400 MPa.