A method for inspecting a separation membrane structure includes an assembly step of sealing a separation membrane structure that includes a porous substrate and a separation membrane into a casing, and an inspection step of applying pressure to an inspection liquid that has filled a first main surface side of the separation membrane.

A hydrogen-selective membrane including a metal leaf applied to a substrate. A system and method for fabricating a hydrogen-selective membrane, including applying a metal leaf to a substrate, annealing the metal leaf, applying a hydrogen-permeable metal to the annealed metal leaf on the substrate, and annealing the hydrogen-permeable metal and the annealed metal leaf to give an alloy of the hydrogen-permeable metal and the metal leaf. A system and method for repairing a hydrogen-selective membrane having defects including applying a metal leaf to an external surface of membrane material of the hydrogen-selective membrane, annealing the metal leaf and metal of the membrane material to form an alloy of the metal leaf and the metal to repair the defects.

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to methods of marker based direct integrity testing of at least one membrane comprising: (a) dosing a feed fluid of a loop with at least one marker comprising at least one challenge particle, the loop comprising: the feed fluid; a pump comprising an outlet stream; a membrane module comprising the at least one membrane and a membrane module outlet stream, wherein the membrane module is in fluid communication with the outlet stream; a marker recycle stream in fluid communication with the membrane module outlet stream and the pump; and a means to measure particle concentrations; (b) circulating the feed fluid through the membrane module at least once to produce a filtrate comprising a filtered at least one marker; (c) measuring a filtrate particle concentration of the filtered at least one filtered marker in the filtrate to produce a filtrate concentration measurement; and (d) calculating a log removal value from the filtrate concentration measurement and the feed concentration measurement; wherein the log removal value is less than about 3 μm.

An integrity testing method for a porous medium in a housing having an interior separated by the medium into upstream and downstream portions, an inlet and an outlet communicating, respectively, with the upstream and downstream portions, the outlet connected to a closeable conduit, comprises filling the downstream portion and conduit with liquid, draining the upstream portion and filling it with gas while retaining liquid in the downstream portion, connecting a gas-filled testing volume to the downstream portion, maintaining gas pressure of a predetermined testing differential pressure in the upstream portion, the differential pressure being lower than a predefined bubble point of the medium, determining the pressure in the testing volume, the testing volume selected such that, when a medium is tested having a bubble point corresponding to the predefined bubble point, a pressure increase within the testing volume of about 100 mbar or more is obtained within 10 minutes.

A water treatment device includes: a measure that repeats measurement of pressures on a primary side and a secondary side of a hollow fiber membrane module every minute time of three seconds or less in one or more steps of water filling, backwashing, pressure relieving, bubbling, and draining; and an estimater that estimates: abnormality of an internal state of the hollow fiber membrane module or of a peripheral device; a time required from a start to an end of the one or more steps; an effect of physical washing or chemical washing; or a future increase in an membrane differential pressure, based on a temporal transition of a measurement result of at least one of the pressures, or based on a difference in the temporal transition between a plurality of times of the step.

Embodiments described herein relate to methods and systems for dewatering solutions via forward osmosis.

A covering state of a coating layer containing a silicone compound on an inner surface of hollow fiber membranes is evaluated by dissolving the silicone compound and a dyeing agent in an organic solvent and causing the coating solution to pass through the hollow fiber membranes. The covering state of the silicone compound or a crosslinked product is determined by observing a dyed state of a hollow fiber membrane end surface on a coating solution passing start side and a dyed state of a hollow fiber membrane end surface on a coating solution passing end side of the hollow fiber membrane on which the coating layer is formed.

A method for making a graphene membrane includes applying a suspension of graphene platelets in a fluid onto a porous substrate, and applying a pressure differential to force the fluid through the substrate to yield a filtered fluid while retaining the graphene platelets on the substrate. The graphene platelets and the substrate form the graphene membrane.

Provided is a method for detecting defects of separation membrane element, and an apparatus for detecting defects of a separation membrane element.

An apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of blood (1) has a supply line (2), a waste line (13) and an ultrafilter (19; 70) inserted in the supply line (2). An air inlet line is connected to the first chamber (21; 72) of the ultrafilter (19; 70) and a pressure sensor (41) configured for detecting pressure in the waste line (13). A controller (50) is configured to carry out, with the hydraulic circuit (100) in by-pass configuration, an integrity test procedure for detecting if the ultrafilter membrane has multiple or single fiber breaks. A method of testing the ultrafilter (19; 70) is also disclosed.