Described herein is a graphene material based membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes or gas while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and also functionalized or crosslinked between the graphene, that provides enhanced salt separation from water or gas permeability resistance, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

This invention relates to barrier materials comprising reduced graphene oxide, methods of making said materials and their uses. The reduced graphene oxide is preferably formed from the reduction of graphene oxide by HI, HBr or ascorbic acid.

The invention relates to a catalytic activation layer for use in oxygen-permeable membranes, which can comprise at least one porous structure formed by interconnected ceramic oxide particles that conduct oxygen ions and electronic carriers, where the surface of said particles that is exposed to the pores is covered with nanoparticles made from a catalyst, the composition of which corresponds to the following formula:

A.sub.1-x-yB.sub.xC.sub.yO.sub.R where: A can be selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, lanthanide metals and combinations thereof; B and C are metals selected from Al, Ga, Y, Se, B, Nb, Ta, V, Mo, W, Re, Mn, Sn, Pr, Sm, Tb, Yb, Lu and combinations of same; and A must always be different from B. 0.01 <x<0.5; 0<y<0.3.

Hybrid membranes based on crystalline titanium dioxide containing fluorine atoms within the crystalline lattice comprising atoms of titanium and oxygen are described; these hybrid membranes are particularly suitable for the production of fuel cells and electrolysers. A process for producing the aforesaid hybrid membranes is also described.

Disclosed herein is a porous membrane comprising a porous substrate; a porous ceramic coating disposed on the porous substrate; where an average pore size of pores in the porous substrate are larger than an average pore size of pores in the porous coating. Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a porous membrane comprising disposing upon a porous substrate a porous ceramic coating, where the porous ceramic coating has an average pore size that is less than an average pore size of the porous substrate.

One aspect of the invention relates to a forward osmosis (FO) membrane including a selectively permeable active layer formed of a graphene-based material with tunable interlayer spacing; and a support membrane providing mechanical stability. The FO membrane enhances water flux while minimizing reverse solute flux.

Carbon-doped layers and methods of making and using same. In various examples, a carbon-doped layer is porous. In various examples, a carbon-doped layer is a carbon-doped metal oxide and/or metal layer. In various examples, a carbon-doped layer is disposed on at least a portion of substrate. In various examples, a method of making carbon-doped layer(s) comprises contacting a substrate with liquid carbon precursor(s) and optionally, water, and contacting the substrate with liquid precursor(s) and optionally, water with one or more vapor-phase metal and/or metal oxide precursor(s), where the carbon-doped layer(s) is/are formed. In various examples, a method further comprises the carbon-doped layer(s), where porous carbon-doped layer(s) is/are formed. In various examples, a filtration substrate comprises one or more porous carbon-doped layer(s). In various examples, a filtration substrate is used in a separation method or the like. In various examples, the method is an organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) or the like.

A system involves interleaving high aspect ratio, rod-like aldehyde-modified cellulose nanomaterials (ACN) between graphene oxide (GO) sheets and utilizing crosslinkers to create a dense, crosslinked network that is highly permeable and selective to a molecule of interest, especially water and water vapor, and does not delaminate in water. This system, especially when combined with oxidative surface treatment of a membrane support substrate, leads to improved adhesion of the membrane on the substrate.

The present invention relates to the field of biological sample testing technology, and in particular, to a testing system. The testing system includes a reagent reaction vessel and a test device. A reagent storage portion and a push rod movable relative to the reagent storage portion are packaged in the reagent reaction vessel, the reagent storage portion comprises at least one reagent containing cavity, and the reagent containing cavity is sealed by a sealing element; and the push rod is connected to the sealing element, and the push rod is used for cooperation with the test device to separate the sealing element from the reagent storage portion. The test device includes a test cassette, wherein an ejection rod is arranged in the test cassette, and the ejection rod cooperates with the push rod to separate the sealing element from the reagent storage portion. According to the present invention, when the reagent storage portion is inserted, the ejection rod can be quickly pushed to operate, and one operation completes multiple functions such as releasing the reagent, fixing the reagent reaction vessel, and focusing on a test area at the same time, thereby simplifying the reaction steps.

A system involves interleaving high aspect ratio, rod-like aldehyde-modified cellulose nanomaterials (ACN) between graphene oxide (GO) sheets and utilizing crosslinkers to create a dense, crosslinked network that is highly permeable and selective to a molecule of interest, especially water and water vapor, and does not delaminate in water. This system, especially when combined with oxidative surface treatment of a membrane support substrate, leads to improved adhesion of the membrane on the substrate.