An evaporative cooling system includes a porous ceramic body with a plurality of dry channels and a plurality of wet channels. The plurality of dry channels are configured to inhibit transfer of water vapor into the dry channels and include a barrier layer that includes a roughened layer with a features size less than 1000 nm and a hydrophobic chemical modification disposed on the roughened layer. The plurality of wet channels are configured to allow transfer of water vapor.

A silica membrane filter 10 includes an ultrafiltration membrane 15, which is disposed on a support body 14 and which contains an element 14 as a primary component, and a silica membrane 18 which is disposed on the ultrafiltration membrane 15 and which has an aryl group. The ultrafiltration membrane 15 has a structure infiltrated by Si of the silica membrane 18, the atomic ratio A (=Si/M) of Si to the element M in a membrane-side region 16, which is a region corresponding to 25% of the ultrafiltration membrane 15 from the silica membrane 18, satisfies 0.01≤A≤0.5, and the ratio A/B of the atomic ratio A to the atomic ratio B (=Si/M) in a base-material-side region 17, which is a region corresponding to 25% from the support body 14, is within the range of 1.1 or more.

The present disclosure discloses a preparation method of an organosilica/ceramic composite membrane with a gradient pore structure. The preparation method comprises: (1) selecting a porous ceramic material as a membrane support layer; (2) gradually replacing a solvent with water to prepare zirconium colloidal sols with different particle sizes, and successively coating the prepared zirconium colloidal sols onto a ceramic support from large to small so as to form a membrane transition layer with a gradient pore structure; and (3) catalytically synthesizing an organosilica polymeric sol using hydrochloric acid, coating the prepared organosilica sol onto the preheated transition layer through ultrasonic thermal spraying to undergo heat treatment, so as to prepare the organosilica/ceramic composite membrane with the gradient pore structure. According to the present disclosure, the transition layer with the gradient pore structure is prepared by using the zirconium colloidal sols with different particle sizes. An ultrathin defect-free organosilica separation layer is prepared through ultrasonic thermal spraying. As a result, the obtained organosilica/ceramic composite membrane can be applied to the fields of salt-containing dye wastewater treatment and polypeptide bioactive substance separation.

A method for the manufacture of ceramic hollow fiber membranes in a spinning process by using a spinning mass, comprising the steps: providing a spinning mass formulation; providing a secondary phase; adding the secondary phase to the spinning mass formulation; manufacturing the ceramic hollow fiber membranes in a spinning process.

An improved method for concentrating dispersions of graphene oxide, coating a substrate with a layer of a graphene oxide solution, and producing a supported graphene membrane stabilised by controlled deoxygenation; and graphene-based membranes that demonstrate ultra-fast water transport, precise molecular sieving of gas and solvated molecules, and which show great promise as novel separation platforms.

Provided herein is a method of forming a bicontinuous intraphase jammed emulsion gel.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a MeAPO-18 supported membrane comprising a MeAPO-18 crystal layer on a porous support, wherein the obtained MeAPO-18 supported membrane as a lamellar crystal morphology. The invention is also directed to the said membranes and to their use.

Disclosed herein are ceramic selective membranes and methods of forming the ceramic selective membranes by forming a selective silica ceramic on a porous membrane substrate.

A method for preparing a nanoporous silica sol-gel matrix containing at least one amine reactant selected from hydroxylamine, methylhydroxylamine, tertbutylhydroxylamine, methoxyamine, tetraethylenepentamine, dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides, particularly adipic acid dihydrazide, and the salts thereof, said method including the following steps: a) synthesising a gel from tetramethoxysilane or from a mixture of tetramethoxysilane and another organosilicon precursor selected from among phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, a fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane, a fluoroalkyltriethoxysilane, a chloroalkylmethoxysilane, a chloroalkylethoxysilane, an alkyltrimethoxysilane, an alkyltriethoxysilane, an aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the mixtures thereof, the synthesis being performed in an aqueous medium at a temperature ranging from 10 to 70 C. in the presence of at least one amine reactant selected from among hydroxylamine, methylhydroxylamine, tertbutylhydroxylamine, methoxyamine, dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides, particularly adipic acid dihydrazide, and the salts thereof; b) drying the gel obtained during step a) so as to obtain a sol-gel matrix containing at least one amine reactant.

The present invention provides a composite body having, on a porous substrate and in the interstices of the substrate that includes fibers, preferably of an electrically nonconductive material, a porous layer (1) composed of oxide particles bonded to one another and partly to the substrate that include at least one oxide selected from oxides of the elements Al, Zr, Ti and Si, preferably selected from Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2, and having, at least on one side, a further porous layer (2) including oxide particles bonded to one another and partly to layer (1) that include at least one oxide selected from oxides of the elements Al, Zr, Ti and Si, preferably selected from Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2, where the oxide particles present in layer (1) have a greater median particle size than the oxide particles present in layer (2), which is characterized in that the median particle size (d.sub.50) of the oxide particles in layer (1) is from 0.5 to 4 m and the median particle size (d.sub.50) of the oxide particles in layer (2) is from 0.015 to 0.15 m, preferably 0.04 to 0.06 m, a process for producing corresponding composite bodies and for the use thereof, especially in gas separation.