Disclosed herein is an improved membrane, separator and/or method for forming a multilayer microporous membrane for use in an improved battery separator, particularly a battery separator for a lithium ion secondary battery. Also disclosed herein is the multilayer microporous membrane formed by this method, which has properties that compete with or exceed those of wet process, coated or uncoated, membranes that are also useable in battery separators. Also disclosed are battery separators comprising the multilayer microporous membrane and batteries, vehicles, or devices comprising the separators. The method may comprise at least the following steps: (1) forming a stretched first non-porous precursor film that has pores due to the stretching of a first non-porous precursor film; (2) separately forming a second stretched non-porous precursor film that has pores due to the stretching of a second non-porous precursor film; and then (3) laminating the stretched first non-porous precursor and the stretched second non-porous precursor.

A lower chamber is to contain a culture that emits a volatile organic compound. A sensor is within an upper chamber. A transport accelerator/selector transports the volatile organic compound in the lower chamber towards the sensor.

The present invention relates to a micro-porous filtration membrane with performance enhancing projections as well as a method for producing the same.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to graphene oxide membranes for fluid filtration and more specifically to graphene oxide membranes having tunable permeability, rejection rate, and flux. Some embodiments of the graphene oxide membranes disclosed herein are characterized as having a flux of at least about 2.510.sup.4 gallons per square foot per day per psi with a 1 wt % lactose solution at room temperature, and a lactose rejection rate of at least 50% with a 1 wt % lactose solution.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to durable graphene oxide membranes for fluid filtration. For example, the graphene oxide membranes can be durable under high temperatures non-neutral pH, and/or high pressures. One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a filtration apparatus comprising: a support substrate, and a graphene oxide membrane disposed on the support substrate. The graphene oxide membrane has a first lactose rejection rate of at least 50% with a first 1 wt % lactose solution at room temperature. The graphene oxide membrane has a second lactose rejection rate of at least 50% with a second 1 wt % lactose solution at room temperature after the graphene oxide membrane is contacted with a solution that is at least 80 C. for a period of time.

Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a polyethylene membrane comprising: stretching a polyethylene film in a first direction during a first stretching; attaching a plurality of rods on side edges of the polyethylene film; attaching a tape on the polyethylene film; stretching the polyethylene film having the rods attached thereto in a second direction during a second stretching; and annealing the polyethylene film after the second stretching. The second direction can be a transverse direction of the first direction, and the first stretching and the second stretching can be performed at the same (or higher) temperature and the same stretching speed as each other.

Composite membrane tubing includes a porous scaffold support combined with polyether block amide copolymer. The composite membrane tubing has overlapping fusion areas that are an artifact of the manufacturing process. The methods of manufacturing above-mentioned composite membrane tubing have also been addressed. The composite membrane tubing can be reinforced with a structural mesh to further provide rigidity and strength. Composite membrane tubing or generally extruded tubing can be integrated into a multi-tube module for various applications.

Asymmetric articles are described including a porous substrate with two opposing major surfaces and a porous structure extending between the surfaces, and a polymeric coating on one of the major surfaces and extending into the porous structure to a depth of the porous structure. Methods for making an asymmetric composite article are also provided, including providing a porous substrate, treating the porous substrate with a plasma treatment or a corona treatment from one major surface to a depth of the porous structure between the two major surfaces. The method further includes applying a coating solution to the treated porous substrate and drying the coating solution to form a composite asymmetric composite article having a polymeric coating on one major surface and extending into the porous structure to the depth of the treated porous structure.

There is provided a graphene-based membrane where the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and/or three-dimensional curvature of the membrane have been tuned according to the desired application of the membrane. Methods of accelerating the vacuum-assisted self-assembly (VASA) process for graphene-based membranes and methods for accelerating the process of removing liquid from a graphene-based dispersion are also provided. The method can include two steps of reduction to both minimize the filtration time and to substantially restore the electrical and thermal properties of a graphene-based membrane at low temperature.

As asymmetric porous film structure formed by depositing a porous material film on a flexible substrate, and applying an anisotropic stress to the porous media on the flexible substrate, where the anisotropic stress results from a stress such as an applied mechanical force, a thermal gradient, and an applied voltage, to form an asymmetric porous material.