The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide a separation membrane with superior permeation performance and separation performance and having few occurrences of defects. The present invention relates to a separation membrane wherein: the separation membrane has a layer (I) with a thickness of 0.5-100 ?m; letting, in a cross-section in the direction of thickness of the layer (I), region a be a region with a depth of 50-150 nm from a surface (surface A), region b a region with a depth of 50-150 nm from the other surface (surface B), and region c a region with a thickness of 100 nm where the depth from both surfaces is the same, the average pore diameter Pa for region a and the average pore diameter Pb for region b are both 0.3-3.0 nm and the average pore diameter Pc for region c is 3.0 nm or less; and the percentage of open area Ha for region a, the percentage of open area Hb for region b, and the percentage of open area Hc for region c satisfy the following equations. 2Hc<Ha 2Hc<Hb

The invention, belonging to the field of membrane technology, presents a method for the high-throughput preparation of carbon nanotube hollow fiber membranes. This method contains three major steps. Firstly, the pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added into a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which is then heated at 40?80? C. for 0.5?6 hours. Secondly, the surface-functionalized CNTs and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) are dispersed and dissolved, respectively, in organic solvents at a mass ratio of 1:0.2?1:4?8 to form homogeneous spinning solution, which is squeezed into water as shell liquid with water as core liquid at a flow rate ratios of 0.5?5:1 through a spinneret to form CNT/PVB hollow fibers. Finally, the dry fibers are calcinated at 600?1000 ? C. for 1?4 hours in absence of oxygen to produce free-standing CNT hollow fiber membranes. The method involved in this invention is simple and highly efficient without needing any templates, expensive apparatuses and chemicals. Additionally, the obtained electrically conductive CNT hollow fiber membranes feature a high porosity, high water flux and strong acid/alkali resistance.

The present invention provides a porous hollow fiber membrane that has both high strength and high pure water permeability, and that exhibits excellent thermal deformation resistance. The present invention is related to a porous hollow fiber membrane containing a fluororesin-based polymer, and a manufacturing method of the membrane comprises a drawing step and a relaxing step. The porous hollow fiber membrane is characterized in that: the molecular chain of the polymer is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber membrane; and at the same time internal distortion of oriented non-crystalline chains, which is disadvantageous in terms of entropy, is alleviated.

A filament production device, in particular a filament reaction-spinning production device, comprising at least one spinning nozzle unit, which is provided for producing at least one filament formed as a hollow fibre membrane from at least one polymer solution, and comprising a polymerisation unit, which is provided for initiating a polymerisation of the polymer solution, wherein the polymerisation unit is provided for initiating the polymerisation at least partially within the spinning nozzle unit.

A membrane-forming dope for non-solvent induced phase separation methods, the membrane-forming dope comprising 15 to 40 wt. % of polysulfone-based resin, 5 to 60 wt. % of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 0.1 to 10 wt. % of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, all of which are dissolved in a water-soluble organic solvent solution. A porous hollow fiber membrane is produced by spinning the membrane-forming dope by a non-solvent induced phase separation method using an aqueous liquid as a core liquid. The obtained high-performance porous hollow fiber membrane can be used as a water vapor permeable membrane used in fuel cells, because its water vapor permeability is not significantly reduced even after use in a high temperature environment such as, for example, 100 to 120? C.

A spinning nozzle is provided for the extrusion of a hollow fiber from one or more spinning masses. An apparatus that includes a spinning nozzle, and a method for extruding a hollow fiber using the spinning nozzle, are also provided. The spinning nozzle has an inlet port for each spinning mass to be extruded. The inlet port is for introducing the spinning mass into the spinning nozzle. An outlet port for the exit of a spinning mass along an outlet axis, is also provided. A spinning mass flow channel is used to guide the spinning mass from the inlet port to the outlet port. The spinning mass flow channel includes a flow manipulation section having an inlet and an outlet and includes a flow-guiding structure for influencing a spinning mass through the spinning mass flow channel.

The invention relates to a virus filter membrane which can be used for the removal of virus particles including parvovirus. The invention further relates to a method for producing the membrane. The membrane comprises polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a tube with an outer diameter in the range of from 10 m to 250 m consisting of a composition comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane as well as to a tube with an outer diameter in the range of from 10 m to 250 m consisting of a composition comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane obtained or obtainable by the process according to the invention. The invention is further directed to the use of a tube according to the invention as a tube for the transportation of a fluid or as gas membrane tube or as an elastic fiber.

The present disclosure relates to a spinneret for producing hollow fiber membranes in a phase inversion process.

A low cost, high selectivity asymmetric polyimide/polyethersulfone (PES) blend hollow fiber membrane, a method of making the membrane and its use for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations such as deep desulfurization of gasoline and diesel fuels, ethanol/water separations, pervaporation dehydration of aqueous/organic mixtures, CO.sub.2/CH.sub.4, CO.sub.2/N.sub.2, H.sub.2/CH.sub.4, He/CH.sub.4, O.sub.2/N.sub.2, H.sub.2S/CH.sub.4, olefin/paraffin, iso/normal paraffins separations, and other light gas mixture separations. The polyimide/PES blend hollow fiber membrane is fabricated from a blend of a polyimide polymer and PES and showed surprisingly unique gas separation property with higher selectivities than either the polyimide hollow fiber membrane without PES polymer or the PES hollow fiber membrane without PES polymer for gas separations such as for H.sub.2/CH.sub.4, He/CH.sub.4, H.sub.2S/CH.sub.4, CO.sub.2/CH.sub.4 separations.