Described are composite hollow fibers filter membranes that include a porous polymeric hollow fiber support and a filter layer; methods of making the composite hollow fibers and using the composite hollow fibers as a filter membrane; methods of making a filter component or filter from the composite hollow fiber, and filter components and filters that contain the composite hollow fibers as filter membranes.

The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including: a support membrane; and a separation functional layer provided on the support membrane, in which the separation functional layer includes a thin membrane, the thin membrane has a fold structure including a plurality of protrusions having a height of 10 nm or more, and in the fold structure, a ratio (T100/T25) is less than 0.95, where T25 is a thickness of the thin membrane in a region of 0% to 25% of the height of the protrusion and T100 is a thickness of the thin membrane in a region of 50% to 100% of the height of the protrusion.

Disclosed are a preparation method, a product and an application of a hydrophobically modified membrane based on multi-effect thermal energy conversion, the preparation method includes the steps: S1. dispersing carbon nanotubes with surfaces carboxylated in a solvent to form a dispersion; S2. applying the dispersion evenly on a PVDF membrane, and drying to form a ready-to-use membrane; S3. performing thermo-mechanical pressure treatment of the ready-to-use membrane to form a functional membrane with strong robustness; and S4. placing the functional membrane with strong robustness in an alkane solution of PDMS containing a silane coupling agent, and then taking it out for drying.

The present invention relates to: a separation membrane with excellent fouling resistance which, by coating the surface of a support with a polymer solution including a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer, and a sulfonated polymer, has excellent fouling resistance and flow rate and no deterioration in exclusion rate performance; and a method for manufacturing same.

A fluorinated copolymer having pendant amide functionality is disclosed in an aspect herein. A membrane from the fluorinated copolymer having at least some of the pendant amide functionality hydrolyzed to pendant amine functionality is highly permeable to carbon dioxide and can be useful in the gas-separation layer of a thin-film composite membrane for the separation of carbon dioxide from nitrogen or methane.

This forward osmosis membrane has a support membrane, and a separation functional layer on the support membrane. The support membrane has a porous support body. After water has been positioned on the separation functional layer side and a 3.5 mass % sodium chloride aqueous solution has been positioned on the porous support body side, with the forward osmosis membrane interposed therebetween, and a forward osmosis process has been performed with a transmembrane pressure difference P=100 kPa and with the porous support body side being forward, when a forward osmosis process is then performed with a transmembrane pressure difference P=20 kPa and with the porous support body side being forward, the ratio (R.sub.100/F.sub.100) of the permeated water quantity (F.sub.100, unit: kg/(m.sub.2?hr)) and the salt reverse diffusion quantity (R.sub.100, unit: g/(m.sub.2?hr)) satisfies the expression 0 g/kg?R.sub.100/F.sub.100?0.12 g/kg.

A forward osmosis membrane comprising a support membrane and an isolative function layer, wherein: the support membrane is equipped with at least a porous support body; the isolative function layer is provided on the porous support body; the porous support body is provided with a compact layer and a macrovoid layer in this order in the depth direction from the surface thereof which contacts the isolative function layer; the thickness of the compact layer is 1.0-9.5 ?m; there are 0-0.20 macrovoids/?m in a region A which extends to a depth of 0-5.0 ?m from the interface between the isolative function layer and the porous support body; and there are 0.04-0.40 macrovoids/?m in a region B which extends to a depth of 5.0-10.0 ?m from the interface between the isolative function layer and the porous support body.

Systems and methods using: a membrane unit to treat fluids recovered from an oil and gas well are provided. The membrane unit may include a membrane having a porous substrate at. least partially coated with graphene oxide, making the membrane hydrophilic. The membrane separates water from other components within a fluid stream. The membrane unit may include an inlet to receive a fluid stream into the membrane unit. The fluid stream may be pretreated prior to reaching the membrane unit The membrane unit may also include a first outlet in fluid communication with one side of the membrane and a second outlet in fluid communication with the opposite side of the membrane.

A method for injecting ceramic particles into a fibrous texture includes placing a fibrous texture in a mould, injecting from one side a first suspension including a powder of large filtration particles to form a filtration layer, injecting from the opposite side a second suspension into the fibrous texture, the second suspension including a powder of small refractory ceramic particles, then draining through the filtration layer the liquid phase of the second suspension having passed through the fibrous texture and retaining the refractory ceramic particle powder inside the fibrous texture by the filtration layer of so as to obtain a fibrous preform including at least the fibrous texture filled with refractory ceramic particles and the filtration layer.

The present invention provides: a forward osmosis membrane which achieves good water permeability, good rejection performance and good resistance against the counter pressure at the same time; and a method for producing a forward osmosis membrane, the method being capable of easily producing the above-described forward osmosis membrane. One embodiment of the present invention provides a forward osmosis membrane which comprises a porous supporting membrane and a separation function layer that is arranged on the porous supporting membrane, wherein: the porous supporting membrane is in contact only with the separation function layer; and the separation function layer is composed of a polyamide layer.