Provided is a method for separating ammonia gas using zeolite membrane having excellent separation stability at a high temperature capable of separating ammonia gas from a mixed gas composed of multiple components including ammonia gas, hydrogen gas, and nitrogen gas to the permeation side with high selectivity and high permeability. Also provided is a method for separating ammonia by selectively permeating ammonia gas from a mixed gas containing at least ammonia gas, hydrogen gas, and nitrogen gas using a zeolite membrane, wherein the ammonia gas concentration in the mixed gas is 1.0% by volume or more.

A membrane comprising a crystalline material deposited on a porous support. The crystalline material is made of tectosilicate with a portion of the Si atoms substituted with metal atoms. The membrane is useful in the separation of oil and water.

A dehydration method is a dehydration method for selectively separating water from a mixture that contains water, and the method includes a step of supplying the mixture to a supply side space of a zeolite membrane having an ERI structure, and a step of making a pressure difference between the supply side space and a permeation side space of the zeolite membrane having an ERI structure.

A solar membrane distillation apparatus includes a housing comprising a light transmitting wall. A solar distillation membrane is positioned in the housing to receive solar radiation transmitted through the light transmitting wall. The solar distillation membrane includes a porous graphitic foam and a coating of a hydrophobic composition on the surface and pores of the graphitic foam. A water chamber within the housing is provided for retaining water adjacent to the solar distillation membrane. A vapor chamber is provided for collecting water vapor distilling through the solar distillation membrane. A condenser is provided for condensing distilled water vapor from the vapor chamber into liquid water. A separation membrane and a method of solar distillation are also disclosed.

A dehydration method is a dehydration method for selectively separating water from a mixture that contains water, using a zeolite membrane having an AFX structure, and the method includes a step of supplying the mixture to a supply side space of the zeolite membrane having an AFX structure, and a step of making a pressure difference between the supply side space and a permeation side space of the zeolite membrane having an AFX structure.

This ionic liquid-containing laminate includes a porous layer having affinity with ionic liquids (C), said layer holding an ionic liquid-containing liquid (A) within voids therein, and a porous layer lacking affinity with ionic liquids (B). The porous layer having affinity with ionic liquids (C) may include an inorganic material (e.g., metal oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.001 to 10 m on a number basis). The ionic liquid-containing liquid (A) may include an ionic liquid containing cations selected from ammonium, imidazolium and phosphonium cations, and anions selected from fluorine-containing anions, cyano-containing anions and amino acid-derived anions. The porous layer having affinity with ionic liquids (C) may include 1 to 100 volume parts of the ionic liquid-containing liquid (A) with respect to 100 volume parts of voids therein. The ionic liquid-containing laminate is easily formable, and is able to stably hold (or fix) the ionic liquid while maintaining said liquid in a liquid state.

A porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane of the present disclosure has a water vapor permeability, as measured according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) L 1099 (method B-1), of 150000 g/(m.sup.2.Math.day) or more in a thickness direction of the membrane. The porous PTFE membrane of the present disclosure, when attached as a waterproof air-permeable membrane to a housing of an electrical component or electrical device, allows water vapor residing inside the housing to be quickly discharged out of the housing.

A porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane of the present disclosure is a membrane having an average fibril length of 50 m or more, having an average node length 5 or more times larger than the average fibril length, and having an average node area ratio of 5% or less. The porous PTFE membrane of the present disclosure, when attached as a waterproof air-permeable membrane to a housing of an electrical component or electrical device, allows water vapor residing inside the housing to be quickly discharged out of the housing.

Dual phase membranes include a porous support providing a solid phase having a matrix of connected pores, and a liquefiable ion transport phase within the pores of the porous support. The ion transport phase is formed of at least one alkali metal hydroxide, and at least one oxide ion transport agent providing a source of ions selected from the group consisting of borate ions, nitrate ions, phosphate ions, vanadate ions, niobate ions or sulfate ions. The at least one alkali metal hydroxide may be selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, LiOH, RbOH, CsOH and mixtures thereof. The oxide ion transport agent is preferably present in the ion transport phase in an amount between about 1 to about 30 molar %. Substantially lower operational temperatures may be realized when the membrane is used to separate CO2 from a feed gas.

Provided is a separation membrane that is suitable for use in separating one or more hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture. More specifically, the separation membrane includes a porous support for which acid content is not substantially detected by ammonia temperature programmed desorption in a temperature range of higher than 450 C. and not higher than 600 C. and a porous separation layer containing a zeolite that is disposed on the porous support.