A substrate for use in a filter media including, for example, in a hydrocarbon fluid-water separation filter; methods of identifying the substrate; methods of making the substrate; methods of using the substrate; and methods of improving the roll off angle of the substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a hydrophilic group-containing polymer or a hydrophilic group-containing polymer coating.

An aspect of the present invention relates to a separation membrane for selectively separating a component (A) from a fluid containing the component (A) and a component (B), wherein the separation membrane has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, an affinity of the first surface side of the separation membrane for the component (A) is higher than an affinity of the first surface side of the separation membrane for the component (B), and an affinity of the second surface side of the separation membrane for the component (A) is higher than the affinity of the first surface side of the separation membrane for the component (A).

Provided is a method for separating, from a raw gas containing a specific gas, the specific gas using a gas separation membrane module. The gas separation membrane module includes a housing and a gas separation membrane element enclosed in the housing. The gas separation membrane element includes a gas separation membrane including a hydrophilic resin composition layer for selectively allowing for permeation of the specific gas. The method includes the steps of: increasing pressure in an interior of the gas separation membrane module; increasing a temperature in the interior of the gas separation membrane module; and feeding a raw gas to the interior of the gas separation membrane module in that order.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen-releasing film, a composite hydrogen-releasing film and a hydrogen-releasing laminated film that are not prone to embrittlement in the usage environmental temperatures of electrochemical elements. The hydrogen-releasing film containing an alloy, wherein the alloy is a PdAu alloy, and the Au content in the PdAu alloy is 15 mol % or more.

A filter assembly including a filtration medium comprising a nanofiber, having a three-dimensional network structure, and having a fiber web layer comprising a hydrophilic coating layer that covers at least a part of the outer surface of the nanofiber; and a first support body that supports the filtration medium, which is provided on both surfaces thereof, and has a channel formed therein. Accordingly, the filtration medium has excellent chemical resistance and improved hydrophilicity such that the flow rate can increase substantially. In addition, the improved hydrophilicity is maintained for a long period of time such that the utilization period can be extended substantially. Furthermore, any change in the pore structure of the filtration medium during the hydrophilicity endowing process is minimized such that the initially designed physical characteristics of the filtration medium can be fully exhibited.

A composite ion conducting tube is made by wrapping a support material or ion conducting sheet to from a tube having overlaps of layers that are bonded. The ion conducting sheet or tape used to make the tube may be very thin and the tube may be formed in situ by wrapping the support material and then coating with ion conducting polymer. The ion conducting tubes may be used in a pervaporation module or desalination system. The ion conducting tubes may be spirally wrapped or longitudinally wrapped and may be very thin having a tube wall thickness of no more than 25 microns.

The present invention relates to a gas separation membrane including: a supporting membrane; and a separation functional layer which is provided on the supporting membrane and includes a crosslinked polyamide obtained by polycondensation of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide, in which, in the crosslinked polyamide, the number A of terminal amino groups, the number B of terminal carboxy groups, and the number C of amide groups satisfy (A+B)/C0.66.

Provided is a microporous polyolefin membrane which has excellent oxidation resistance and electrolyte injection performance and further has excellent permeability and strength balance. The multilayer, microporous polyolefin membrane has a first microporous layer containing polypropylene. The electrolyte injection performance is 20 seconds or less, at least one surface layer is the first microporous layer, and the PP distribution in the first microporous layer is uniform in the in-plane direction.

A filter medium includes first and second porous films mainly containing fluororesin, and a pre-collection member upstream of the first film. The pre-collection member has a pressure drop when air is passed through at a flow rate of 5.3 cm/s of between 15 Pa and 55 Pa, a collection efficiency of NaCl particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 m when air containing the particles is passed through at a flow rate of 5.3 cm/s of between 25% and 80%, a thickness of 0.4 mm or less, and a PF value between 7 and 15. A ratio of the PF value of the pre-collection member to the PF value when the first and second films are overlapped, is between 0.20 and 0.45. The filter medium can be in a filter pack or filter unit, and produced by integrating the films and the pre-collection member using heat lamination.

Micro- and nanofilters with precision pore sizes and pore layout have applications in many fields including capturing circulating tumor cells and fetal cells in blood, water treatment, pathogen detection in water, etc. Methods to fabricate micro- and nanofilters not using track etching or reactive ion etching are provided, allowing easy fabrication of single layer or stack of films simultaneously, and/or stack of films on rolls. Microfilter can be made using one or more layers of material. Invention enables mass production of microfilters with lithographic quality at low cost. Isolation, enumeration and characterization of circulating tumor cells using microfilters provides (i) guides to cancer treatment selection and personalize dosage, (ii) low cost monitoring for treatment response, disease progression and recurrence, (iii) assessment of pharmacodynamic effects, (iv) information on mechanisms of resistance to therapy, and (v) cancer staging. Microfabrication methods are also applicable to fabrication of any free standing patterned polymeric films.