The present invention is concerned with a dielectric material comprising a fluoropolymer, wherein at least part of the crystalline region of the fluoropolymer is in the β-phase. The dielectric material of the present invention may show relaxor-like ferroelectricity. The present invention also relates to a novel method of producing such a material, and the use of such a material in a high energy density capacitor. The method comprises layering sheets of PVDF on one another and applying pressure to the multilayer under a temperature which is preferably within 40° C. of the temperature of fusion. Further, the film is preferably quenched.

A catalytic composite is formed of a catalytic layered assembly including a porous catalytic fluoropolymer film and one or more felt batts connected with the porous catalytic fluoropolymer film. At least one felt batt is positioned adjacent the upstream side of the porous catalytic fluoropolymer film to form the catalytic composite. The fluoropolymer film is perforated to allow for enhanced airflow therethrough while retaining the capability of catalyzing the reduction or removal of chemical species in fluid flowing through the catalytic composite.

To provide a membrane electrode assembly which is excellent in strength and is capable of reducing the electrolysis voltage when applied to a water electrolysis apparatus, and such a water electrolysis apparatus.

The membrane electrode assembly of the present invention is a membrane electrode assembly for use in a water electrolysis apparatus, comprising an anode having a catalyst layer, a cathode having a catalyst layer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups, and a woven fabric, the aperture ratio of the woven fabric is at least 50%, the denier number of warp yarns and the denier number of weft yarns, constituting the woven fabric, are each independently at least 2, and a relationship of Y≤240X−170 is satisfied where the membrane thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane is Y μm, and the ion exchange capacity of the fluorinated polymer is X meq/g dry resin.

A zeolite membrane composite includes a porous support and a zeolite membrane formed on the support. The zeolite membrane includes a low-density layer that covers the support, and a compact layer that covers the low-density layer. The compact layer has a higher content of a zeolite crystalline phase than the low-density layer. By in this way forming the compact layer on the low-density layer that covers the support, the thin compact layer with no defects can be formed more easily than in the case where a compact layer is formed directly on a support.

The present invention relates to a spiral-wound filter module exhibiting almost no heavy metal leaching and a manufacturing method thereof, and specifically, to a spiral-wound filter module, which can be used as a filter for producing safe drinking water by substantially reducing the amount of a heavy metal leached when immersed in water, and a manufacturing method thereof.

The present invention relates to the field of composite membrane and discloses a polyurethane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane for extracting organic sulfide from naphtha. The polyurethane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane includes an active layer and a support layer where the active layer is a polyurethane casting membrane and the support layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The polyurethane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane is prepared by coating the active layer onto the support layer. At the same time, a preparation method for the polyurethane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane is disclosed. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the polyurethane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane prepared in the present invention may be used to extract organic sulfide in naphtha with high separation efficiency. Further, the composite membrane almost does not change the octane number and the like of the raw material oil, thereby improving the extraction rate of the organic sulfide.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite articles that have a macro textured surface. The composite articles include at least two different PTFE membranes in a layered or stacked configuration. The composite article has a macro textured surface characterized by a plurality of strands raised from the surface of the PTFE membrane. The strands may be formed of either interconnected nodes of PTFE or of at least one nodal mass of PTFE and have a length equal to or greater than about 1.5 mm. The macro textured surface provides a topography to the first PTFE membrane. The composite articles have a bubble point from about 3.0 psi to about 200 psi, a thickness from about 0.01 to about 3.0 mm, and a bulk density from about 0.01 g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.0 g/cm.sup.3.

A catalytic composite is formed of a catalytic layered assembly including a porous catalytic fluoropolymer film and one or more felt batts connected with the porous catalytic fluoropolymer film. At least one felt batt is positioned adjacent the upstream side of the porous catalytic fluoropolymer film to form the catalytic composite. The fluoropolymer film is perforated to allow for enhanced airflow therethrough while retaining the capability of catalyzing the reduction or removal of chemical species in fluid flowing through the catalytic composite.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a composite separation membrane which is excellent in not only a liquid permeable performance and a separation performance relatively but also a durability and which is particularly useful as a membrane for liquid treatment, and a method for treating a liquid by using the composite separation membrane. The composite separation membrane according to the present invention is characterized in comprising a supporting base material and a complex layer, wherein the complex layer is placed on the supporting base material, the complex layer comprises oxidized metal nanosheets, graphene oxide and an alkanolamine, and at least one of the alkanolamine is present between the oxidized metal nanosheets.

In the present invention, a water-based wetting dispersant having an acid value of 5 mg KOH/g or more and an amine value of 10 mg KOH/g or less is used to dilute and disperse black carbon and a hydrophobic fluorine resin in an organic solvent to manufacture a slurry for microporous layer formation. In this regard, the added amount of the water-based wetting dispersant is adjusted to 5 to 30 parts by weight on the basis of 100 parts by weight of black carbon. In the present invention, the slurry is applied to at least one surface of carbon fiber paper and dried to form a microporous layer in which two independent peaks appear as analyzed on a particle size graph, followed by compression and deposition thereof to fabricate a gas diffusion layer including the microporous layer in which two independent peaks appear as analyzed on a particle size graph. With the appearance of two independent peaks on a particle size analysis graph, the gas diffusion layer of the present invention has an excellent drainage function, thereby increasing in the current value of the concentration polarization curve at the equivalent voltage value.