A support is a porous ceramic support for supporting a zeolite membrane. The hydraulic conductivity of the support is less than or equal to 1.1×10.sup.−3 m/s. In the support, the total content of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal in a surface part within 30 μm from a surface in a depth direction perpendicular to the surface is less than or equal to 1% by weight.

Filtration apparatus including Graphene Oxide (GO) membranes are described herein. The GO membranes exhibit durability under harsh operation conditions including elevated temperatures, high pressure, and/or non-neutral pH. The filtration apparatus can include a GO membrane and a functionalized support including surface functional groups grafted to the functionalized support via a free radical co-polymerization approach. The filtration apparatus can exhibit improved performance (e.g., high rejection) in applications such as pulp and paper processing, which facilitates achieving permeate quality targets. The filtration apparatus described herein can also offer a more stable replacement for reverse osmosis membranes which are known to degrade under strongly alkaline conditions and high temperatures.

Embodiments of the present invention provide the integration of the function of the feed spacer, the permeate carrier, or both, as a part of the membrane sheet in a spiral wound membrane element.

A filter pleat pack of the present disclosure includes an air filter medium folded into pleats. The air filter medium includes a laminate of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous membrane and an air-permeable supporting member. When a cut surface of the filter pleat pack is observed, the cut surface being taken along a plane perpendicularly crossing a pleat line of the filter pleat pack, the PTFE porous membrane has a first converging portion, a split portion, and a second converging portion in this order in a direction in which the membrane extends. In the split portion, the PTFE porous membrane is split into a plurality of layers in a thickness direction of the membrane and the plurality of layers are spaced apart from each other. At the first converging portion and the second converging portion, the plurality of layers converge into one layer. The filter pleat pack of the present disclosure is a filter pleat pack for which a collection efficiency decrease resulting from pleating is reduced.

A filter pleat pack of the present disclosure includes an air filter medium folded into pleats, wherein the air filter medium includes a laminate of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous membrane and an air-permeable supporting member, and the air filter medium has a shrinkage rate of 50% or more, the shrinkage rate being determined by a formula (d2−d1)/d2, where d1 is a smallest thickness of the PTFE porous membrane in a folding area of the air filter medium folded into pleats and d2 is a thickness of the PTFE porous membrane in a flat area of the air filter medium. The filter pleat pack of the present disclosure is a filter pleat pack for which a collection efficiency decrease resulting from pleating is reduced.

The present disclosure describes membrane compositions and methods for preparing membrane compositions. In particular, the methods employ a layer-by-layer approach to membrane preparation. The membrane compositions provide significantly enhanced membrane performance over existing commercial membranes, particularly in terms of permeability and selectivity.

Described are filter membranes, related systems, and related method useful for producing purified (e.g., ultrapure) water, including membranes, systems, and methods of preparing purified water that will be useable in processes of manufacturing electronic and semiconductor devices.

The present invention concerns a device and process for capturing CO.sub.2 from air. The device comprises (a) a membrane at least partly permeable for air comprising a solid state CO.sub.2 sorbent; (b) at least one sorption chamber; (c) at least one regeneration chamber; (d) means for transporting the membrane from the sorption chamber to the regeneration chamber and back; (e) an inlet for receiving air located on one end of the membrane and an outlet for discharging air depleted in CO.sub.2 located on the other end of the membrane in the sorption chamber, wherein the device is configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the outlet through the membrane; (f) means for flowing stripping gas through the membrane into the regeneration chamber; (g) at least one outlet for discharging CO.sub.2, located in the regeneration chamber; and (h) heating means for heating the regeneration chamber. The device according to the invention provides an efficient and low-cost solution for capturing CO.sub.2 directly from air.

A separator (104) includes a porous polyetherimide membrane comprising a plurality of pores, wherein at least a portion of the pores comprise an electrolyte composition comprising an ionic liquid.

The present disclosure describes membrane compositions and methods for preparing membrane compositions. In particular, the methods employ a layer-by-layer approach to membrane preparation. The membrane compositions provide significantly enhanced membrane performance over existing commercial membranes, particularly in terms of permeability and selectivity.