A method for preparing a Luo Han Guo sweetening composition from Siraitia grosvenorii and a use thereof. The method for extracting the sweetening composition from Siraitia grosvenorii preferably includes the followings: accelerating ripening of immature Siraitia grosvenorii, and performing juicing, extraction with pure water, removal of impurities, concentration and purification to obtain the sweetening composition. Further, the present application relates to a compound sweetener containing the sweetening composition, which can be widely used in foodstuffs, beverages, healthcare products, and daily chemicals. The contents of mogroside III, mogroside IIe, and the like in the Luo Han Guo sweetening composition are controlled so as to improve the flavor thereof, and a production process for the sweetening composition uses only pure water, without use of organic solvents such as ethanol, to ensure a greener and healthier production process.

Provided are a hole forming method and a hole forming apparatus capable of stably forming a single nanopore on a membrane. This hole forming method is a hole forming method for forming a hole in a film and includes: a first step of applying a first voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode, installed so as to sandwich the film provided in an electrolyte, and stopping the application of the first voltage when a current flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode reaches a first threshold current so as to form a thin film portion in a part of the film; and a second step of applying a second voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode after the first step so as to form a nanopore in the thin film portion.

A membrane sorbent is described, which comprises 1-6 wt % silicon carbide nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix may comprise polysulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The membrane sorbent is used for separating oil from a contaminated water mixture. The silicon carbide nanoparticles of the membrane sorbent may be made from rice husk ash.

A 3D nanopore device for characterizing biopolymer molecules includes a first selecting layer having a first axis of selection. The device also includes a second selecting layer disposed adjacent the first selecting layer and having a second axis of selection orthogonal to the first axis of selection. The device further includes an third electrode layer disposed adjacent the second selecting layer, such that the first selecting layer, the second selecting layer, and the third electrode layer form a stack of layers along a Z axis and define a plurality of nanopore pillars.

Provided are methods, devices, and kits for the isolation of extracellular vesicles using silicon nanomembranes. A method for EV isolation includes the steps of collecting a biofluid sample, contacting the biofluid sample with a pre-filtration membrane, thereby forming a first filtrate and a first retentate, optionally, washing the first retentate of the pre-filtration membrane, contacting the first filtrate from the pre-filtration membrane with a capture membrane, thereb forming a second filtrate and a second retentate, optionally, washing the second retentate, and eluting the second retentate from the capture membrane or lysing the second retentate to recover the contents.

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to systems, apparatus, and methods for fluid purification (e.g., water) with a ceramic membrane. For example, the present disclosure relates, in some embodiments, to a cross-flow fluid filtration assembly comprising (a) membrane housing comprising a plurality of hexagonal prism shaped membranes (b) an inlet configured to receive the contaminated fluid and to channel a contaminated fluid to the first end of the plurality of hexagonal prism shaped membranes, and (c) an outlet configured to receive a permeate released from the second end of the plurality of hexagonal shaped membranes. The present disclosure also relates to a cross-flow fluid filtration module comprising a fluid path defined by a contaminated media inlet chamber, a fluid filtration assembly positioned in a permeate chamber and a concentrate chamber.

A membrane structure body having a matrix structure and a biomolecule filter using the same are disclosed. The membrane structure body having a matrix structure, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprises: a filtering part which includes a window region in which a plurality of window cells are formed in a matrix shape and a blocking region in which the window cells are not formed, and which filters biomolecules from a sample moving along the window region; and a support part extending from the filtering part so as to support the filtering part, wherein each of the window cells formed in the window region of the filtering part has have micro-holes allowing the biomolecules having a predetermined size or less to pass therethrough

A filter for the filtration of a fluid, such as a liquid, includes or is composed of a support element made of a porous ceramic material, the element exhibiting a tubular or parallelepipedal shape delimited by an external surface and including, in its internal portion, a set of adjacent channels with axes parallel to one another and separated from one another by walls of the porous inorganic material, in which at least a portion of the channels and/or at least a portion of the external surface are covered with a porous separating membrane layer, wherein the separating membrane layer is made of a material essentially composed of silicon carbide (SiC), and the content by weight of elemental nitrogen of the layer constituting the porous separating membrane layer is between 0.1% and 2%.

Disclosed are a ceramic membrane for water treatment using oxidation-treated SiC and a method for manufacturing the same. An object of the present invention is to manufacture a ceramic membrane for water treatment, which can be sintered at a low temperature of 1,050° C. or less, in which a SiO.sub.2 oxide layer formed during an oxidation process induces volume expansion so as to prevent defects due to the contraction of a coating layer during general sintering. The ceramic membrane for water treatment using the oxidation treated SiC includes a porous ceramic support layer; and a SiC layer formed on the porous ceramic support layer and including SiC particles on which a SiO.sub.2 oxide layer formed on a surface thereof.

An improvement in a wet scrubbing process for treating gaseous industrial process streams which contain one or more of SO.sub.2, SO.sub.3, H.sub.2SO.sub.4 which comprises contacting the stream of gas with a countercurrent flow of liquid derived from a circulating liquid stream which includes (i) a purge stream configured to remove a portion of the circulating liquid having a concentration of H.sub.2SO.sub.4 from the process, and (ii) a liquid make-up stream configured to replace the portion of the circulating liquid that is removed from the circulating liquid stream, the improvement comprising controlling the flow of liquid make-up whereby the concentration of H.sub.2SO.sub.4 in the purge stream is increased to a useful value; and filtering the purge stream to remove unwanted contaminants to yield a clarified purge stream.