There is provided a glass substrate for observing minute substance, made of porous glass and capable of separating and capturing a minute substance with a 10 to 500 nm average particle diameter contained in a solution or a suspension, comprising a porous glass substrate having a plurality of pores, wherein the plurality of pores has an average pore diameter ranging from 30 to 110% of the average particle diameter of the minute substance, each of the plurality of pores has a surface pore diameter on an uppermost surface of the glass substrate, a standard deviation of the surface pore diameter is 60% or less of the average particle diameter of the minute substance, and a pore with a pore diameter ranging from 60 to 140% of a pore diameter at peak top in a pore diameter distribution of the plurality of pores occupies 90% or more of total pore volume.

There is provided a glass substrate for observing minute substance, made of porous glass and capable of separating and capturing a minute substance with a 10 to 500 nm average particle diameter contained in a solution or a suspension, comprising a porous glass substrate having a plurality of pores, wherein the plurality of pores has an average pore diameter ranging from 30 to 110% of the average particle diameter of the minute substance, each of the plurality of pores has a surface pore diameter on an uppermost surface of the glass substrate, a standard deviation of the surface pore diameter is 60% or less of the average particle diameter of the minute substance, and a pore with a pore diameter ranging from 60 to 140% of a pore diameter at peak top in a pore diameter distribution of the plurality of pores occupies 90% or more of total pore volume.

A process for manufacturing a porous body, includes preparing a dispersion liquid having a dispersion medium with cellulose-based nanofibers that have an average fiber diameter from 1 to 100 nm and dispersed therein, attaching the dispersion liquid to a porous support having a plurality of pores that connect with one another, removing the dispersion liquid attached to a surface of the porous support excluding an inside of pores of the porous support, and subsequently drying the porous support including the dispersion liquid in the pores of the porous support to remove the dispersion medium.

A process for manufacturing a porous body, includes preparing a dispersion liquid having a dispersion medium with cellulose-based nanofibers that have an average fiber diameter from 1 to 100 nm and dispersed therein, attaching the dispersion liquid to a porous support having a plurality of pores that connect with one another, removing the dispersion liquid attached to a surface of the porous support excluding an inside of pores of the porous support, and subsequently drying the porous support including the dispersion liquid in the pores of the porous support to remove the dispersion medium.

A monolithic substrate comprises a porous base material body, a first support portion, a first cell seal portion, a second support portion, and a second cell seal portion. The base material body includes a plurality of cells respectively passing from a first end surface to a second end surface. The first support portion contains ceramics as an aggregate material, and is packed into the first end portion of a seal target cell. The first cell seal portion contains glass, and is disposed on an outer surface of the first support portion. The second support portion contains ceramics as an aggregate material, and is packed into the second end surface of the seal target cell. The second cell seal portion contains glass, and is disposed on an outer surface of the second support portion.

A monolithic substrate comprises a porous base material body, a first support portion, a first cell seal portion, a second support portion, and a second cell seal portion. The base material body includes a plurality of cells respectively passing from a first end surface to a second end surface. The first support portion contains ceramics as an aggregate material, and is packed into the first end portion of a seal target cell. The first cell seal portion contains glass, and is disposed on an outer surface of the first support portion. The second support portion contains ceramics as an aggregate material, and is packed into the second end surface of the seal target cell. The second cell seal portion contains glass, and is disposed on an outer surface of the second support portion.

Process for reducing CO2 and membrane separation arrangement. A process/arrangement for reducing the CO2 content of a gas mixture using four membrane separation steps, two of the separation steps using glassy membrane and two using rubbery membrane. A first retentate is withdrawn from the first separation step at a first withdrawal pressure and temperature and is supplied to the second separation step, a second retentate is withdrawn from the second separation step at a second withdrawal pressure and temperature and is supplied to the third separation step, a third retentate is withdrawn from the third separation step at a third withdrawal pressure and temperature and is supplied to the fourth separation step, permeates of the separation steps using the glassy membrane are combined to form a first combined permeate stream, and permeates of the separation steps using the rubbery membrane are combined to form a second combined permeate stream.

Process for reducing CO2 and membrane separation arrangement. A process/arrangement for reducing the CO2 content of a gas mixture using four membrane separation steps, two of the separation steps using glassy membrane and two using rubbery membrane. A first retentate is withdrawn from the first separation step at a first withdrawal pressure and temperature and is supplied to the second separation step, a second retentate is withdrawn from the second separation step at a second withdrawal pressure and temperature and is supplied to the third separation step, a third retentate is withdrawn from the third separation step at a third withdrawal pressure and temperature and is supplied to the fourth separation step, permeates of the separation steps using the glassy membrane are combined to form a first combined permeate stream, and permeates of the separation steps using the rubbery membrane are combined to form a second combined permeate stream.

Provided is an acid gas separation membrane that includes an acid gas separation layer containing a hydrophilic resin and an acid gas carrier, a hydrophobic porous membrane layer supporting the acid gas separation layer, a porous membrane protective layer protecting the acid gas separation layer, and a first layer having a Gurley number of less than or equal to 0.5 times a Gurley number of the hydrophobic porous membrane layer and the porous membrane protective layer, the Gurley number of the first layer being greater than or equal to 0.1 s and less than or equal to 30 s. Also provided is an acid gas separation method using the acid gas separation membrane, as well as an acid gas separation module and an acid gas separation apparatus that each include the acid gas separation membrane.

Provided is an acid gas separation membrane that includes an acid gas separation layer containing a hydrophilic resin and an acid gas carrier, a hydrophobic porous membrane layer supporting the acid gas separation layer, a porous membrane protective layer protecting the acid gas separation layer, and a first layer having a Gurley number of less than or equal to 0.5 times a Gurley number of the hydrophobic porous membrane layer and the porous membrane protective layer, the Gurley number of the first layer being greater than or equal to 0.1 s and less than or equal to 30 s. Also provided is an acid gas separation method using the acid gas separation membrane, as well as an acid gas separation module and an acid gas separation apparatus that each include the acid gas separation membrane.