The present disclosure relates to a composite membrane in which a rubbery polymer is introduced into a gutter layer to suppress the physical aging of the highly permeable composite membrane, and more particularly, to a composite membrane comprising a porous support layer; a gutter layer on the porous support layer; and an active layer on the gutter layer, wherein the gutter layer comprises a blend of poly(l-trimethlsilyl-l-propyne) (PTMSP) and a rubbery polymer and a method for preparing the same. The composite membrane according to the present disclosure has high permeation performance and a remarkable decline in physical aging leading to a decrease in permeability over time and thus has very high industrial applicability.

A degasser for at least partially degassing a gas-containing liquid, in particular for a sample separation device, includes a liquid accommodation volume for accommodating the gas-containing liquid during degassing, a negative pressure chamber in which a negative pressure, compared to the liquid accommodation volume, is to be generated, a gas permeable membrane separating the liquid accommodation volume from the negative pressure chamber and arranged so that ultrasound forces at least part of gas of the gas-containing liquid to move through the membrane by a combination of the negative pressure and the ultrasound, and an ultrasound source including an electroactive material and configured for generating ultrasound for actuating the gas-containing liquid and/or the gas permeable membrane.

A degasser for at least partially degassing a gas-containing liquid, in particular for a sample separation device, includes a liquid accommodation volume for accommodating the gas-containing liquid during degassing, a negative pressure chamber in which a negative pressure, compared to the liquid accommodation volume, is to be generated, a gas permeable membrane separating the liquid accommodation volume from the negative pressure chamber and arranged so that ultrasound forces at least part of gas of the gas-containing liquid to move through the membrane by a combination of the negative pressure and the ultrasound, and an ultrasound source including an electroactive material and configured for generating ultrasound for actuating the gas-containing liquid and/or the gas permeable membrane.

Provided is a novel butanol production method. The butanol production method includes a fermentation step of subjecting a fermentation raw material to a fermentation treatment to prepare a fermented liquid containing butanol, and a separation step of subjecting the fermented liquid to PV membrane separation to prepare a separated liquid containing butanol. In the fermentation step, a microorganism of the species Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum deficient in the function of at least an acetone-producing enzyme gene is used and/or a fermented liquid having an acetone concentration of 0.05 mass % or less is prepared.

Provided is a novel butanol production method. The butanol production method includes a fermentation step of subjecting a fermentation raw material to a fermentation treatment to prepare a fermented liquid containing butanol, and a separation step of subjecting the fermented liquid to PV membrane separation to prepare a separated liquid containing butanol. In the fermentation step, a microorganism of the species Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum deficient in the function of at least an acetone-producing enzyme gene is used and/or a fermented liquid having an acetone concentration of 0.05 mass % or less is prepared.

The invention is directed to a mash filter membrane comprising an elastomeric composition that comprises more than 50 wt % of one or more elastomer, based on the total weight of polymers in the elastomeric composition.

The invention is directed to a mash filter membrane comprising an elastomeric composition that comprises more than 50 wt % of one or more elastomer, based on the total weight of polymers in the elastomeric composition.