Plant growing systems and apparatuses are described herein. The system may include a plurality of planter module apparatuses where each planter module has an outer module and an insert. The insert may be removeable. Each planter module may further include top and bottom ports to engage planter module legs and/or horticultural accessories. Each planter module may further include a reservoir and a moisture wick. Each planter module may include a watering ring. Each planter module may be electrified. Each planter module may further communicate with one or more computing devices.

An apparatus for cultivating plants may include a cabinet having a cultivation space; a door that opens and closes the cultivation space; at least one bed disposed in the cultivation space and on which plants are cultivated; at least one light assembly that radiates light for photosynthesis toward the at least one bed; a water tank that stores water to be supplied to the at least one bed; a machine compartment separated from the cultivation space at a lower portion in the cabinet, that communicates with an outside of the apparatus, and that accommodates a compressor and a condenser forming a cooling cycle for controlling a temperature of the cultivation space; an air duct that connects the machine compartment and the cultivation space and guides air in the machine compartment to the cultivation space; and a return duct that connects the cultivation space and the machine compartment and guides air in the cultivation space to the machine compartment.

Various examples of methods and systems are provided for increasing productivity of one or more photosynthetic cultures via self-powered energy output systems. In one example, a system includes a waterproof casing and an energy output module enclosed within the waterproof casing. The waterproof casing is configured to be neutrally buoyant in an enclosure comprising the one or more photosynthetic cultures. In another example, a method includes placing a self-powered energy output system within an enclosure, the self-powered energy output system being neutrally buoyant within the enclosure. The method further includes causing turbulence within the enclosure, and the self-powered energy output system harvests energy to power the self-powered energy output system via the turbulence within the enclosure.

Various implementations disclosed herein includes a method for operating lighting fixtures in horticultural applications. The method may include receiving a user input of a desired irradiance for a first color channel of one or more lighting fixtures that irradiates a plant bed, in which each of the one or more lighting fixtures comprises at least one light emitting diode (LED) array, determining, for each of the one or more lighting fixtures, a PWM setting of the first color channel such that each of the one or more lighting fixtures irradiate the plant bed at the desired irradiance based on calibration data stored in each of the one or more lighting fixtures, and applying, to each of the one or more lighting fixtures, the determined PWM setting of the first color channel.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems, apparatuses and methods for synchronous communication and control of LED lights and sensors in an LED light array containing two or more LED lights. Through the use of a master clock within a gateway and/or a master controller that is in communication with LED lights in an array that is in a facility, such as in a greenhouse, hot house, poultry egg production facility, a hospital, dairy production or other lighting facilities, the gateway and/or master controller is capable of synchronizing the emission of light or photons from an LED light array by generating a master signal that contains commands and time from a master clock within the signal that is transmitted to each of the LED lights within an array.

Plant cultivation for increasing the phytochemical content of a Labiatae plant is provided. The plant cultivation includes cultivating the Labiatae plant in a visible light environment having a dark period and a light period during which the Labiatae plant is exposed to visible light in an alternate manner, and performing treatment with UVB radiation during the light period for at least one day before harvesting. A cumulative dose of the UVB radiation may range from 0.54 J/m.sup.2 to 4.32 kJ/m.sup.2.

A system for estimating a harvesting time in a plant growing environment is configured to determine a light setting used by one or more light sources (11) to illuminate a section (45) of the plant growing environment with horticulture grow light. The light setting comprises at least a color component associated with the section of the plant growing environment. The system is further configured to obtain light measurement information from one or more color sensors (21) when the one or more color sensors are co-located with the one or more light sources. The system is configured to estimate a harvesting time for the section of the plant growing environment based on the light measurement information, an intensity of the color component in the light setting and a cultivation temperature protocol for the section of the plant growing environment. The cultivation temperature protocol comprises one or more assumed cultivation temperatures.

An assimilation lamp device (101; 800) for stimulating plant and crop growth comprises: a central lamp unit (10), comprising a body (14) and one or more LEDs (12) mounted to the bottom surface of the body, wherein the body acts as a heat sink for the heat generated by the LEDs. The device further comprises air stream generating means (42) for generating a downward air stream (43; 341), and heat transfer and exchange means for transferring heat from the body to the air stream, so that heat from the LEDs is used to increase the temperature of said downward air stream and is eventually used to warm the environment of the plants. A device controller (850) has a set point input (859) and generates control signals for the LEDs and the air stream generating means in conformity with an input signal received at its set point input.

Activation of a far-red light device with a far-red light frequency that promotes the conversion of inactive Pfr to active Pr in short-day plants prior to a dark period.

A plant cultivation method including irradiating a plant with first irradiation light including blue light and second irradiation light including red light. A first irradiation period T1 during which the first irradiation light is emitted and a second irradiation period T2 during which the second irradiation light is emitted are alternately provided in time series. The irradiation timings of the first irradiation light and the second irradiation light are determined by using a tide-generating force as an index.