A porous membrane includes a modacrylic copolymer. The modacrylic copolymer includes, with respect to 100 parts by mass of all structural units constituting the modacrylic copolymer, 15 to 85 parts by mass of a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile, 15 to 85 parts by mass of a structural unit derived from at least one halogen-containing monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl halide and vinylidene halide, and 0 to 10 parts by mass of a structural unit derived from a vinyl monomer having an ionic substituent. The porous membrane can be produced by preparing a modacrylic copolymer solution by dissolving the modacrylic copolymer in a solvent, and bringing the modacrylic copolymer solution into contact with a non-solvent for the modacrylic copolymer such that the modacrylic copolymer solution is solidified.

The present disclosure provides the synthesis of an imidazolium-based functional ionic liquid copolymer (PMMA-b-PIL-R*) and a preparation method of an alloy ultra-filtration membrane. Firstly, PMMA-b-PIL-R* is prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polymerizable imidazolium-based functional ionic liquid (IL-R*) containing double bonding as the reactive monomers through sequential radical polymerization. With the use of a non-solvent induced phase separation method, PMMA-b-PIL-R* is introduced into the body of a polymeric membrane material, so as to prepare an alloy ultra-filtration membrane. A hydrogen-bond interaction is generated between the carbonyl in the molecular chain of PMMA-b-PIL-R* and the H . . . C—Cl structure in the molecular chain of the polymeric membrane material, which enhances the compatibility between the molecular chains of PMMA-b-PIL-R* and the polymeric membrane material, so that it can be stable in the ultra-filtration membrane; the imidazole groups and functional groups in the molecular chain of PMMA-b-PIL-R* can provide a good hydrophilicity.

The present disclosure provides the synthesis of an imidazolium-based functional ionic liquid copolymer (PMMA-b-PIL-R*) and a preparation method of an alloy ultra-filtration membrane. Firstly, PMMA-b-PIL-R* is prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polymerizable imidazolium-based functional ionic liquid (IL-R*) containing double bonding as the reactive monomers through sequential radical polymerization. With the use of a non-solvent induced phase separation method, PMMA-b-PIL-R* is introduced into the body of a polymeric membrane material, so as to prepare an alloy ultra-filtration membrane. A hydrogen-bond interaction is generated between the carbonyl in the molecular chain of PMMA-b-PIL-R* and the H . . . C—Cl structure in the molecular chain of the polymeric membrane material, which enhances the compatibility between the molecular chains of PMMA-b-PIL-R* and the polymeric membrane material, so that it can be stable in the ultra-filtration membrane; the imidazole groups and functional groups in the molecular chain of PMMA-b-PIL-R* can provide a good hydrophilicity.

The disclosure relates to a hydrogenated styrene-based multiblock copolymer composition, having selectively quaternized midblock, for forming anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). The quaternized hydrogenated styrene-based multiblock copolymer is characterized as having a high glass transition temperature from the hydrophobic end-blocks, low vinyl (rubber) content, and quaternized mid-block. AEMs made from the composition have improved thermal and dimensional stability in electrolyzer operations.

The disclosure relates to a hydrogenated styrene-based multiblock copolymer composition, having selectively quaternized midblock, for forming anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). The quaternized hydrogenated styrene-based multiblock copolymer is characterized as having a high glass transition temperature from the hydrophobic end-blocks, low vinyl (rubber) content, and quaternized mid-block. AEMs made from the composition have improved thermal and dimensional stability in electrolyzer operations.

An ion-sensitive substance containing a crown ether structure composed of a repeating unit represented by formula (a): —CR.sup.1R.sup.2—CR.sup.3X—O— . . . (a) (in the formula, X is an organic group having an alkoxysilyl group at a terminal, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group), and a part or all of the alkoxysilyl groups in the crown ether structure may be hydrolyzed to form a silanol group.

An ion-sensitive substance containing a crown ether structure composed of a repeating unit represented by formula (a): —CR.sup.1R.sup.2—CR.sup.3X—O— . . . (a) (in the formula, X is an organic group having an alkoxysilyl group at a terminal, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group), and a part or all of the alkoxysilyl groups in the crown ether structure may be hydrolyzed to form a silanol group.

The present disclosure relates to a porous fluorine-based resin composite membrane having excellent water repellency and oil repellency, and a method for producing the same.

The invention provides a dynamic membrane reactor with function of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and an operation method thereof, and comprises a biological treatment system, a dynamic membrane loading system and an automatic system. The operation method comprises the following steps. (1) Before the formation of dynamic membrane, a porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as a cathode, a conductive precision filter screen is used as an anode, and aerobic denitrifying bacteria are inoculated into the dynamic membrane reactor under certain constant current density, hydraulic retention time and flux. (2) After the dynamic membrane is formed, the porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as the anode, the conductive precision filter screen is used as the cathode. And intermittent aeration is started at the anode under certain constant current density. (3) When the transmembrane pressure difference exceeds a certain range, hydraulic backwashing is performed under certain constant current density.

The invention provides a dynamic membrane reactor with function of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and an operation method thereof, and comprises a biological treatment system, a dynamic membrane loading system and an automatic system. The operation method comprises the following steps. (1) Before the formation of dynamic membrane, a porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as a cathode, a conductive precision filter screen is used as an anode, and aerobic denitrifying bacteria are inoculated into the dynamic membrane reactor under certain constant current density, hydraulic retention time and flux. (2) After the dynamic membrane is formed, the porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as the anode, the conductive precision filter screen is used as the cathode. And intermittent aeration is started at the anode under certain constant current density. (3) When the transmembrane pressure difference exceeds a certain range, hydraulic backwashing is performed under certain constant current density.