Described herein is a composite comprising a graphene material and a sulfonated polymer material. The graphene/sulfonated polymer composite is coated onto a substrate to provide a selectively permeable membrane. The selectively permeable membranes of the present disclosure provide high moisture permeability and low gas permeability.

Disclosed is a nanoporous membrane including a porous support layer and a selective layer. The selective layer, being deposited on a surface of the porous support layer, has an effective pore size smaller than that of the porous support layer and contains an array of polymeric nanoparticles that have on their surfaces a plurality of —C(═O)XR groups. Also disclosed are methods of fabricating a nanoporous membrane described above and using the nanoporous membrane for separating a mixture that contains two solutes.

Disclosed is a nanoporous membrane including a porous support layer and a selective layer. The selective layer, being deposited on a surface of the porous support layer, has an effective pore size smaller than that of the porous support layer and contains an array of polymeric nanoparticles that have on their surfaces a plurality of —C(═O)XR groups. Also disclosed are methods of fabricating a nanoporous membrane described above and using the nanoporous membrane for separating a mixture that contains two solutes.

The present invention relates to synthetic membranes and use of these synthetic membranes for isolation of volatile organic compounds and purification of water. The synthetic membrane includes a hydrophobic polymer layer located on a polymeric membrane support layer. The invention includes a method of isolating volatile organic compounds with the synthetic membrane by contacting a volatile organic mixture with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing volatile organic compounds from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of pervaporation. The invention also includes a method of purifying water with the synthetic membrane by contacting an ionic solution with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing water from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of reverse osmosis. The invention also relates to methods of isolating non-polar gases by gas fractionation.

The present invention relates to synthetic membranes and use of these synthetic membranes for isolation of volatile organic compounds and purification of water. The synthetic membrane includes a hydrophobic polymer layer located on a polymeric membrane support layer. The invention includes a method of isolating volatile organic compounds with the synthetic membrane by contacting a volatile organic mixture with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing volatile organic compounds from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of pervaporation. The invention also includes a method of purifying water with the synthetic membrane by contacting an ionic solution with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing water from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of reverse osmosis. The invention also relates to methods of isolating non-polar gases by gas fractionation.

A separation membrane module includes a separation membrane including a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer, and polymer A, wherein the polymer A includes a hydrophilic unit and a hydrophobic unit, and is a copolymer having an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms at a side-chain terminal of the hydrophobic unit, the separation membrane module having a retention rate of an albumin sieving coefficient of 86% or more at 60 minutes after circulation start relative to an albumin sieving coefficient at 10 minutes after circulation start when 2 L of bovine blood containing 50 U/ml of heparin, and having a hematocrit of 30% by volume and a total protein concentration of 6 to 7 g/dl is circulated at a flow rate of 100 ml/min at 37° C. and a filtration flow rate of 10 ml/(min.Math.m.sup.2).

A porous membrane comprising a membrane-forming polymer (A) and a polymer (B) containing a methyl methacrylate unit and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate (b1) unit. A flux of pure water to permeate the porous membrane is preferably 10 (m.sup.3/m.sup.2/MPa/h) or more and less than 200 (m.sup.3/m.sup.2/MPa/h). The contact angle of the bulk of the membrane-forming polymer (A) is preferably 60° or more. The membrane-forming polymer (A) is preferably a fluorine-containing polymer. The polymer (B) is preferably a random copolymer.

A porous membrane comprising a membrane-forming polymer (A) and a polymer (B) containing a methyl methacrylate unit and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate (b1) unit. A flux of pure water to permeate the porous membrane is preferably 10 (m.sup.3/m.sup.2/MPa/h) or more and less than 200 (m.sup.3/m.sup.2/MPa/h). The contact angle of the bulk of the membrane-forming polymer (A) is preferably 60° or more. The membrane-forming polymer (A) is preferably a fluorine-containing polymer. The polymer (B) is preferably a random copolymer.

The invention is related to a super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic attapulgite separation membrane, and a preparation method and use thereof. Monodispersed hydrophilic nanoparticulates are loaded on a surface of nanoparticles, to obtain a super-hydrophilic nanocomposite material with a micro-nanostructure. The nanocomposite material is dispersed in a mixed aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and methyl cellulose, to obtain a membrane-forming slurry after vigorous stirring. A disc-shaped porous support is infiltrated with water and placed on a horizontal surface, and then a certain volume of the membrane-forming slurry is slowly and uniformly drip-coated on a surface of the support, dried and sintered to obtain a super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic microfiltration membrane layer.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an organic compound having an acid dissociation constant in a 25° C. aqueous solution of 5.0 to 15.0, a hydrophilic resin, and a basic compound, wherein a content of the organic compound is 30 to 1,000 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the hydrophilic resin.