Provided is a scale inhibitor for RO membranes which effectively inhibits the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an RO membrane treatment without increasing the phosphorus concentration in effluent and which can be used even in the RO membrane treatment of feed in which high-M-alkalinity concentrate having a calcium hardness level of 100 to 600 mg/L-CaCO.sub.3 and an M alkalinity of 1000 to 16000 mg-CaCO.sub.3/L is produced. A scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis membranes which inhibits the formation of calcium carbonate scale in an RO membrane treatment, the scale inhibitor including components (A) and (B) below. An RO membrane treatment method including adding the scale inhibitor for RO membranes to RO feed. Component (A): Terpolymer of maleic acid, an acrylic acid alkyl ester, and vinyl acetate, Component (B): Homopolymer of carboxylic acid

The present invention relates to a layered semipermeable membrane satisfying the conditions below. (A) The maximum peak intensity between 3700 and 2900 cm.sup.?1 is 0.08 or greater in the difference spectrum between an IR spectrum measured at 25? C. and 97% relative humidity and an IR spectrum measured at 25? C. and 3% relative humidity. (B) The peak top wavenumber between 3700 and 2900 cm.sup.?1 of the aforementioned difference spectrum is 3400 cm.sup.?1 to 3550 cm.sup.?1. (C) The N1s peak has a maximum value at 401 eV or greater in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in which X-rays are radiated to a coat layer.

The present invention relates to a layered semipermeable membrane satisfying the conditions below. (A) The maximum peak intensity between 3700 and 2900 cm.sup.?1 is 0.08 or greater in the difference spectrum between an IR spectrum measured at 25? C. and 97% relative humidity and an IR spectrum measured at 25? C. and 3% relative humidity. (B) The peak top wavenumber between 3700 and 2900 cm.sup.?1 of the aforementioned difference spectrum is 3400 cm.sup.?1 to 3550 cm.sup.?1. (C) The N1s peak has a maximum value at 401 eV or greater in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in which X-rays are radiated to a coat layer.

A sterile solution product bag includes sterilization grade filter integrated directly into the product bag such that microbial and particulate matter filtration can be performed using the filter directly at the point of fill. The filter can include a hollow fiber filter membrane contained in a stem connected to a bladder of the product bag.

There is provided a method of forming a thin film through-hole membrane comprising: providing a patterning structure, the patterning structure comprising a patterning substrate, a sacrificial layer and a thin film; imprinting the thin film with a patterned mold to form a thin-film through-hole membrane; and contacting the patterning structure with water to dissolve the sacrificial layer, thereby releasing the thin film through-hole membrane from the patterning structure. There is also provided a hierarchical membrane comprising the thin film through-hole membrane prepared from the method.

The invention provides polymer-grafted and functionalized nonwoven membranes adapted for use in bioseparation processes, the membranes including a nonwoven web of polyester fibers having an average fiber diameter of less than about 1.5 microns, each of the plurality of polyester fibers having grafted thereon a plurality of polymer segments constructed of a methacrylate polymer, each polymer segment carrying a functional group adapted for binding to a target molecule. The invention also provides a method of bioseparation comprising passing a solution comprising the target molecule, such as a protein, through the nonwoven membrane of the invention such that at least a portion of the target molecule in the solution binds to the nonwoven membrane. A method for preparing a polymer-grafted and functionalized nonwoven membrane adapted for use in bioseparation processes is also provided.

The present invention aims to provide a gas-selective permeable membrane that has gas permeability and gas selectivity capable of highly separating a target gas from other gases, is less likely to be influenced by the temperature condition employed, and is excellent in strength and handleability. The invention uses at least one or more polymerizable compounds to provide a gas-selective permeable film that contains a polymer having an optically uniaxial or multiaxial molecular alignment and to provide a laminate including a gas-permeable substrate and the permeable membrane laminated thereon.

A battery separator includes a polyolefin microporous membrane having a width of 100 mm or more, and a porous layer laminated on at least one surface of the polyolefin microporous membrane. The polyolefin microporous membrane has a variation range of an F25 value in a width direction of 1 MPa or less, and the F25 value indicates a value obtained by dividing a load value measured at 25% elongation of a specimen with use of a tensile tester by a cross-sectional area of the specimen. The porous layer contains a fluorine-based resin and an inorganic particle.

Electrospun poly(acrylic) acid (PAA)/poly(vinyl) alcohol PVA nanofibers and integrated filtration membranes generated therefrom are disclosed herein. The membranes are suitable for use in selectively removing heavy metals such as lead and cadmium from water. The surface of the nanofibers is preferably functionalized with one or more chelating agents. The membranes have a high removal efficiency and adsorption capacity with well-distributed high-density heavy metal adsorption sites with strong binding affinities for targeted heavy metals.

The present invention relates to a forward osmosis-based separation membrane based on a multilayer thin film, using crosslinking between organic monomers, and a preparation method therefore, and in the preparation of the forward osmosis-based separation membrane including a support layer and a selective layer, a middle layer is provided between the support layer and the selective layer so as to prevent a phenomenon in which the selective layer is filled in a pore of the support layer, such that the thickness of a multilayer thin film constituting the selective layer is optimized, and excellent water permeability, salt removal rate and pollution resistance properties are exhibited through the support layer having a structure of uniform surface pores and minimized pore distortion.