Membranes, methods of making the membranes, and methods of using the membranes are described herein. The membrane can comprise a support layer; and a selective polymer layer disposed (e.g., coated) on the support layer. The selective polymer layer can comprise a polymer matrix (e.g., a hydrophilic polymer, an amine-containing polymer, or a combination thereof), and a guanidine-based mobile carrier dispersed within the polymer matrix. Optionally, the selective polymer later can further include an amine-based mobile carrier, a CO.sub.2-philic ether, a graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof, dispersed within the polymer matrix. The membranes can be used to separate carbon dioxide from other gases, such as hydrogen and/or nitrogen. Also provided are methods of separating gas streams using the membranes described herein.

A hollow-fiber membrane. The hollow-fiber membrane is made from a polymeric blend comprising an aromatic sulfone polymer and polyoxazoline, wherein the polymeric blend comprises from 27 wt. % to 30 wt. % aromatic sulfone polymer, based on the total weight of the polymeric blend; wherein the hollow-fiber membrane comprises an inner surface facing towards its lumen, an outer surface facing outwards and an intermediate wall having a wall thickness; wherein the hollow-fiber membrane is an integrally asymmetric, permeable hollow-fiber membrane.

An anion exchange membrane obtainable by curing a curable composition comprising: (a) a monomer (a) of Formula (I) AR.sup.1(CH.sub.2).sub.nN.sup.+(R.sup.aR.sup.b)(CH.sub.2).sub.n-AR.sup.2, X.sup. wherein: each n independently has a value of 1 or 2; (i) R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently an optionally substituted C.sub.1-3-alkyl group or an optionally substituted C.sub.2-3-alkenyl group; or (ii) R.sup.a and R.sup.b, together with the positively charged nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iii) one of R.sup.a and R.sup.b is an optionally substituted C.sub.1-3-alkyl group or an optionally substituted C.sub.2-3-alkenyl group and the other of R.sup.a and R.sup.b, together with the group of formula AR.sup.1(CH.sub.2).sub.nN.sup.+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iv) R.sup.a, together with the group of formula AR.sup.1(CH.sub.2).sub.nN.sup.+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring, and R.sup.b, together with the group of formula N.sup.+(CH.sub.2).sub.n-AR.sup.2, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; X is an anion; and AR.sup.1 and AR.sup.2 each independently comprise aromatic groups; wherein: (I) at least one of AR.sup.1 and AR.sup.2 comprises a curable ethylenically unsaturated group; (II) the monomer (a) of Formula (I) comprises at least two curable ethylenically unsaturated groups; and (III) the molar fraction of component (a) in relation to all curable components of the curable composition is at least 0.90.

An anion exchange membrane obtainable by curing a curable composition comprising: (a) a monomer (a) of Formula (I) AR.sup.1(CH.sub.2).sub.nN.sup.+(R.sup.aR.sup.b)(CH.sub.2).sub.n-AR.sup.2, X.sup. wherein: each n independently has a value of 1 or 2; (i) R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently an optionally substituted C.sub.1-3-alkyl group or an optionally substituted C.sub.2-3-alkenyl group; or (ii) R.sup.a and R.sup.b, together with the positively charged nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iii) one of R.sup.a and R.sup.b is an optionally substituted C.sub.1-3-alkyl group or an optionally substituted C.sub.2-3-alkenyl group and the other of R.sup.a and R.sup.b, together with the group of formula AR.sup.1(CH.sub.2).sub.nN.sup.+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iv) R.sup.a, together with the group of formula AR.sup.1(CH.sub.2).sub.nN.sup.+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring, and R.sup.b, together with the group of formula N.sup.+(CH.sub.2).sub.n-AR.sup.2, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; X is an anion; and AR.sup.1 and AR.sup.2 each independently comprise aromatic groups; wherein: (I) at least one of AR.sup.1 and AR.sup.2 comprises a curable ethylenically unsaturated group; (II) the monomer (a) of Formula (I) comprises at least two curable ethylenically unsaturated groups; and (III) the molar fraction of component (a) in relation to all curable components of the curable composition is at least 0.90.

The invention provides: imidazole and imidazolium compounds of formulas (I) and (II): ##STR00001##
polymers containing a plurality of imidazolium-containing repeating units of formula (III): ##STR00002##
and membranes and devices comprising the polymers. Also provided are methods of making the inventive compounds and polymers.

The invention provides: imidazole and imidazolium compounds of formulas (I) and (II): ##STR00001##
polymers containing a plurality of imidazolium-containing repeating units of formula (III): ##STR00002##
and membranes and devices comprising the polymers. Also provided are methods of making the inventive compounds and polymers.

The present disclose relates to a hollow fiber membrane including a fine pores layer, a coarse pores layer, and a strength retention layer.