A polymer having a contact angle with water that is greater than or equal to 90? and a contact angle with 1,3-propane diol that is less than 90?. A pervaporation membrane comprising the polymer and a process for purifying a fermentation broth using a pervaporation membrane comprising the polymer is also described.

The present inventive concept relates to a chemically modified anion exchange membrane and a method of preparing the same and, more particularly, an anion exchange membrane in which sulfonic acid groups in a perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membrane are substituted with anion conductive groups such as an ammonium group, a phosphonium group, an imidazolium group, a pyridinium group and a sulfonium group, and a method of preparing an anion exchange membrane by chemically modifying sulfonic acid groups in a perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membrane.

The present inventive concept relates to a chemically modified anion exchange membrane and a method of preparing the same and, more particularly, an anion exchange membrane in which sulfonic acid groups in a perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membrane are substituted with anion conductive groups such as an ammonium group, a phosphonium group, an imidazolium group, a pyridinium group and a sulfonium group, and a method of preparing an anion exchange membrane by chemically modifying sulfonic acid groups in a perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membrane.

The present disclosure discloses a method for preparing a metal-organic framework filter comprising the steps of bringing metal sources into contact with organic ligands and forming a metal-organic framework filter on substrates by a hot-pressing method. By the method of the present disclosure, a large amount of metal-organic framework filters with high purity can be obtained quickly and easily, thereby realizing industrialized production and application and the method has such advantages as low cost, simple operation, rapid production, batch product and high purity.

The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods for processing liquids or fluids. Such apparatus and methods are convenient and efficient for low-cost separation, filtration, capture, collection, and/or storage of biologics and related materials. Provided apparatus and methods are designed for point-of-care use and offer advantages for patients and medical practitioners, including advantages in diagnosis and long-term monitoring of conditions.

A laminated film (10A) has a polyolefin microporous membrane (20) and a porous support layer (30), in which the polyolefin microporous membrane (20) and the porous support layer (30) are bonded to each other by bonding parts (40) that contain a thermoplastic resin and are scattered, and the laminated film has a bubble point of from 20 kPa to 900 kPa.

A laminated film (10A) has a polyolefin microporous membrane (20) and a porous support layer (30), in which the polyolefin microporous membrane (20) and the porous support layer (30) are bonded to each other by bonding parts (40) that contain a thermoplastic resin and are scattered, and the laminated film has a bubble point of from 20 kPa to 900 kPa.

A resin film has through holes formed to extend through the thickness of the resin film. The through holes are pillar-shaped. An average density of the through holes is 1?10.sup.6 to 1?10.sup.12 holes/cm.sup.2. An average diameter of the through holes is 1 to 310 nm. A degree of variability of the diameter of the through holes is 30% or less, the degree of variability of the diameter of the through holes obtained by dividing a standard deviation of the diameter of the through holes by the average diameter of the through holes and multiplying the resulting value by 100.

A resin film has through holes formed to extend through the thickness of the resin film. The through holes are pillar-shaped. An average density of the through holes is 1?10.sup.6 to 1?10.sup.12 holes/cm.sup.2. An average diameter of the through holes is 1 to 310 nm. A degree of variability of the diameter of the through holes is 30% or less, the degree of variability of the diameter of the through holes obtained by dividing a standard deviation of the diameter of the through holes by the average diameter of the through holes and multiplying the resulting value by 100.

A porous ultra-thin polymer film has a film thickness of 10 nm-1000 nm. A method of producing the porous ultra-thin polymer film includes dissolving two types of mutually-immiscible polymers in a first solvent in an arbitrary proportion to obtain a solution; applying the solution onto a substrate and then removing the first solvent from the solution applied onto the substrate to obtain a phase-separated ultra-thin polymer film that has been phase-separated into a sea-island structure; and immersing the ultra-thin polymer film in a second solvent which is a good solvent for the polymer of the island parts but a poor solvent for a polymer other than the island parts to remove the island parts, thereby obtaining a porous ultra-thin polymer film.