A plurality of membrane elements are arranged in series within a pressure vessel in which at least two of the elements exhibit different permeances or selectivities for a gas or gas pair respectively.

A plurality of membrane elements are arranged in series within a pressure vessel in which at least two of the elements exhibit different permeances or selectivities for a gas or gas pair respectively.

The disclosure describes a method of forming highly ordered membrane protein crystals. The forming process is done in the presence of a magnetic field to exploit the diamagnetic anisotropy of the membrane protein. Further described is a method of magnetic alignment and crystallization of membrane proteins in two-dimensional (2D) sheets for protein structural characterization and applications in functional devices. Block co-copolymers are used in alternative embodiments to assist with the crystallization process.

The disclosure describes a method of forming highly ordered membrane protein crystals. The forming process is done in the presence of a magnetic field to exploit the diamagnetic anisotropy of the membrane protein. Further described is a method of magnetic alignment and crystallization of membrane proteins in two-dimensional (2D) sheets for protein structural characterization and applications in functional devices. Block co-copolymers are used in alternative embodiments to assist with the crystallization process.

The invention relates to a process for making a membrane M comprising the following steps: providing a dope solution D comprising a polymer P selected from polyphenylenesulfone or mixtures of polyphenylenesulfone with nonionic polyarylene ethers, a first solvent selected from aprotic polar solvents, and a cosolvent selected from C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkanediol, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 alkanetriol, polyethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof; and preparing the membrane by bringing the dope solution D into contact with a coagulating agent. The invention further relates to a membrane M obtainable in said process.

The invention relates to a process for making a membrane M comprising the following steps: providing a dope solution D comprising a polymer P selected from polyphenylenesulfone or mixtures of polyphenylenesulfone with nonionic polyarylene ethers, a first solvent selected from aprotic polar solvents, and a cosolvent selected from C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkanediol, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 alkanetriol, polyethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof; and preparing the membrane by bringing the dope solution D into contact with a coagulating agent. The invention further relates to a membrane M obtainable in said process.

A gas separation membrane for selective separation of hydrogen and helium from gas mixtures containing carbon dioxide includes a porous support layer, an aromatic polyamide layer on the porous support layer, and a coating including a glassy polymer formed on the aromatic polyamide layer. A glass transition temperature of the glassy polymer is greater than 50 C. The gas separation membrane may be formed by contacting a solution including the glassy polymer with an aromatic polyamide layer of a composite membrane and drying the solution to form a coating of the glassy polymer on the aromatic polyamide layer. Separating hydrogen or helium from a gas stream including carbon dioxide includes contacting a gas feed stream including carbon dioxide with the gas separation membrane to yield a permeate stream having a concentration of helium or hydrogen that exceeds the concentration of helium or hydrogen, respectively, in the gas feed stream.

The invention relates to a process for recovering methane from digester biogas or landfill gas. More specifically, the invention pertains to a method for producing biomethane that removes impurities from a compressed digester biogas with staged membrane modules of at least two different types, to produce a biomethane having at least 94% CH.sub.4, below 3% of CO.sub.2, and below 4 ppm of H.sub.2S.

The invention disclosed herein generally relates to matrices comprising polymers and methods for preparing them.

A method of making depth filtration media, such as for use in a depth filter, are described. The resulting depth filtration media includes a core tube having two or more different layers. The layers can be fibers, such as polymeric or inorganic fibers, wrapped layers of a filter material, or pleated and folded layers of a filter material.