A substrate comprising a crosslinked polymer primer layer, and grafted thereto a ligand-functionalized polymer is provided. The grafted polymer has the requisite affinity for binding neutral or negatively charged biomaterials, such as cells, cell debris, bacteria, spores, viruses, nucleic acids, and proteins, at pH's near or below the pI's of the biomaterials.

This invention relates to a method of separating oils and aqueous media. The method uses membranes comprising 2D phyllosilicate coatings. The invention also relates to membranes for use in said methods.

This invention relates to a method of separating oils and aqueous media. The method uses membranes comprising 2D phyllosilicate coatings. The invention also relates to membranes for use in said methods.

The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including: a substrate; a porous support layer disposed on the substrate; and a separation functional layer disposed on the porous support layer, in which the separation functional layer includes: a first layer including a crosslinked aromatic polyamide; and a coating layer existing on the first layer and including an aliphatic polyamide including a fluorine atom, and the composite semipermeable membrane has a proportion of the number of fluorine atoms to the total number of atoms of all elements of 0.5% or more and 8% or less, and has a ratio (N/O ratio) of the number of nitrogen atoms to the number of oxygen atoms of 0.8 or more and 1.3 or less.

The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including: a substrate; a porous support layer disposed on the substrate; and a separation functional layer disposed on the porous support layer, in which the separation functional layer includes: a first layer including a crosslinked aromatic polyamide; and a coating layer existing on the first layer and including an aliphatic polyamide including a fluorine atom, and the composite semipermeable membrane has a proportion of the number of fluorine atoms to the total number of atoms of all elements of 0.5% or more and 8% or less, and has a ratio (N/O ratio) of the number of nitrogen atoms to the number of oxygen atoms of 0.8 or more and 1.3 or less.

Methods of fabricating a membrane comprising proteoliposomes having protein water channels are provided herein. The method may include providing a porous substrate, depositing a solution containing proteoliposomes on the porous substrate, and then contacting the porous substrate with an aqueous monomer solution and an organic monomer solution to form a selective layer on the porous substrate embedding the proteoliposomes. The method may include depositing the aqueous monomer solution, then the solution containing the proteoliposomes, then the organic monomer solution, to form the selective layer. The present disclosure also describes the membrane and a system operable to accommodate both methods.

Methods of fabricating a membrane comprising proteoliposomes having protein water channels are provided herein. The method may include providing a porous substrate, depositing a solution containing proteoliposomes on the porous substrate, and then contacting the porous substrate with an aqueous monomer solution and an organic monomer solution to form a selective layer on the porous substrate embedding the proteoliposomes. The method may include depositing the aqueous monomer solution, then the solution containing the proteoliposomes, then the organic monomer solution, to form the selective layer. The present disclosure also describes the membrane and a system operable to accommodate both methods.

Provided are a compound represented by formula (Ia) below, a polymer obtained by using the compound as a synthesis raw material, a gas separation membrane having a gas separation layer including the polymer, and a gas separation module and a gas separation apparatus that have the gas separation membrane.

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R.sup.A and R.sup.B represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom.

L.sup.A represents —CF.sub.2—, —CF(CF.sub.3)—, —C(═O)—, —CH.sub.2—, —CH(CH.sub.3)—, or —CH(CF.sub.3)— or a group obtained by combining the foregoing groups. L.sup.A has 4 or less carbon atoms.

A composite hollow fiber membrane according to one aspect of the present invention is provided with a semipermeable membrane layer, a support layer that has a hollow fiber shape and is porous, and an intermediate layer interposed between the semipermeable membrane layer and the support layer. The semipermeable membrane layer contains a crosslinked polyamide formed of a polyfunctional amine compound and a polyfunctional acid halide compound. The intermediate layer includes a layer portion made of the same material as the support layer, and the crosslinked polyamide impregnating the layer portion.

A composite hollow fiber membrane according to one aspect of the present invention is provided with a semipermeable membrane layer, a support layer that has a hollow fiber shape and is porous, and an intermediate layer interposed between the semipermeable membrane layer and the support layer. The semipermeable membrane layer contains a crosslinked polyamide formed of a polyfunctional amine compound and a polyfunctional acid halide compound. The intermediate layer includes a layer portion made of the same material as the support layer, and the crosslinked polyamide impregnating the layer portion.