A novel membrane is provided in which the permeate flow rate is not prone to decrease even when the membrane is used to process seawater with high salt concentration and high heavy metal ion concentration. This composite semipermeable membrane comprises a porous support layer, a separation function layer arranged on the porous support layer, and a coating layer coating the separation function layer, wherein the separation function layer contains a crosslinked polymer amide which is a condensate of polyfunctional aromatic amine and polyfunctional aromatic acid chloride, and the coating layer contains an aliphatic polymer including a polyether moiety and a carbonic acid polymer moiety.

Provided herein are sterilizable porous filtration media and methods of making and using the same.

Apparatuses and methods for fabricating thin film composite hollow fiber membranes. In some implementations, an apparatus is used to remove excess first solution from a hollow fiber that has been immersed in a first solution. In some implementations, the method and apparatuses include flowing a gas, for example, compressed gas or ambient air, past a surface of a hollow fiber that has been immersed in a first solution prior to immersion in a second solution. In some implementations, the gas is flowed past the surface under positive pressure, while in other implementations the gas is flowed under negative pressure, for example, vacuum. The apparatuses and devices can be used to produce thin film composite hollow fiber membranes without pressing or damaging the hollow fiber.

Apparatuses and methods for fabricating thin film composite hollow fiber membranes. In some implementations, an apparatus is used to remove excess first solution from a hollow fiber that has been immersed in a first solution. In some implementations, the method and apparatuses include flowing a gas, for example, compressed gas or ambient air, past a surface of a hollow fiber that has been immersed in a first solution prior to immersion in a second solution. In some implementations, the gas is flowed past the surface under positive pressure, while in other implementations the gas is flowed under negative pressure, for example, vacuum. The apparatuses and devices can be used to produce thin film composite hollow fiber membranes without pressing or damaging the hollow fiber.

Apparatuses and methods for fabricating thin film composite hollow fiber membranes. In some implementations, an apparatus is used to remove excess first solution from a hollow fiber that has been immersed in a first solution. In some implementations, the method and apparatuses include flowing a gas, for example, compressed gas or ambient air, past a surface of a hollow fiber that has been immersed in a first solution prior to immersion in a second solution. In some implementations, the gas is flowed past the surface under positive pressure, while in other implementations the gas is flowed under negative pressure, for example, vacuum. The apparatuses and devices can be used to produce thin film composite hollow fiber membranes without pressing or damaging the hollow fiber.

A process to remove nitrates and chrome from water. The process includes the steps of passing incoming nitrate and chrome contaminated water through a nanofiltration membrane. Retentate liquid rejected from the nanofiltration membrane is pumped to effluent or returned to the nanofiltration membrane. Permeate from the nanofiltration membrane is sprayed through a well screen upper collector above an open atmospheric bed having strong base ion exchange resin. The permeate is pumped through the ion exchange resin and through a gravel layer beneath the resin. The strong base ion exchange resin is periodically regenerated.

A process to remove nitrates and chrome from water. The process includes the steps of passing incoming nitrate and chrome contaminated water through a nanofiltration membrane. Retentate liquid rejected from the nanofiltration membrane is pumped to effluent or returned to the nanofiltration membrane. Permeate from the nanofiltration membrane is sprayed through a well screen upper collector above an open atmospheric bed having strong base ion exchange resin. The permeate is pumped through the ion exchange resin and through a gravel layer beneath the resin. The strong base ion exchange resin is periodically regenerated.

The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems of purifying solvents. The purified solvents can be used for cleaning a semiconductor substrate in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems of purifying solvents. The purified solvents can be used for cleaning a semiconductor substrate in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

Fluorinated polyazoles, porous membranes made therefrom, methods of making the porous membrane, and methods of using the porous membrane for purifying water, are described. For example, the present disclosure describes fluorinated polyoxadiazoles and polytriazoles that are capable of fabricating flat sheet, hollow fiber, and electrospun porous membranes are described.