The invention provides a filtration membrane which comprises a porous support and, covalently bonded to a surface thereof, a layer comprising a plurality of vesicles having transmembrane proteins incorporated therein, said vesicles being formed from an amphiphilic block copolymer; characterised in that within said layer, vesicles are covalently linked together to form a coherent mass. The membrane may be prepared by a process which comprises providing an aqueous suspension of vesicles having transmembrane proteins incorporated therein, said vesicles being formed from an amphiphilic block copolymer having reactive end groups; depositing said suspension of vesicles on a surface of a porous support; and providing reaction conditions such that covalent bonds are formed between different vesicles and between vesicles and said surface.

Disclosed is a hollow fiber that contains an outer layer made of a first polymer and an inner layer made of a second polymer, the inner layer including at its outer surface a macrovoid-free thin interface sublayer in contact with the inner surface of the outer layer. The first polymer is immiscible with the second polymer. Also disclosed is a process of preparing the above-described hollow fiber.

Disclosed is a hollow fiber that contains an outer layer made of a first polymer and an inner layer made of a second polymer, the inner layer including at its outer surface a macrovoid-free thin interface sublayer in contact with the inner surface of the outer layer. The first polymer is immiscible with the second polymer. Also disclosed is a process of preparing the above-described hollow fiber.

This invention relates to a method for the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides, preferably human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) The method comprises the enzymatic transfer of a glycosyl moiety and subsequent removal of by-products, such as lactose, by nanofiltration using a membrane comprising an active polyamide layer.

A structure, and methods of making the structure are provided in which the structure can include: a membrane having a first layer and a second layer, the first layer comprising polymer chains formed with coordination complexes with metal ions, and the second layer consisting of a porous support layer formed of polymer chains substantially, if not completely, lacking the presence of metal ions. The structure can be an asymmetric polymeric membrane containing a metal-rich layer as the first layer. In various embodiments the first layer can be a metal-rich dense layer. The first layer can include pores. The polymer chains of the first layer can be closely packed. The second layer can include a plurality of macro voids and can have an absence of the metal ions of the first layer.

A structure, and methods of making the structure are provided in which the structure can include: a membrane having a first layer and a second layer, the first layer comprising polymer chains formed with coordination complexes with metal ions, and the second layer consisting of a porous support layer formed of polymer chains substantially, if not completely, lacking the presence of metal ions. The structure can be an asymmetric polymeric membrane containing a metal-rich layer as the first layer. In various embodiments the first layer can be a metal-rich dense layer. The first layer can include pores. The polymer chains of the first layer can be closely packed. The second layer can include a plurality of macro voids and can have an absence of the metal ions of the first layer.

A plurality of membrane elements are arranged in series within a pressure vessel in which at least two of the elements exhibit different permeances or selectivities for a gas or gas pair respectively.

A plurality of membrane elements are arranged in series within a pressure vessel in which at least two of the elements exhibit different permeances or selectivities for a gas or gas pair respectively.

The present specification provides a method for manufacturing a water-treatment separation membrane, the method comprising: preparing a porous support; forming a polyamide active layer on the porous support by using an interfacial polymerization of an aqueous solution comprising an amine compound and an organic solution comprising an acyl halide compound; and coating a coating solution comprising a random copolymer comprising the monomers represented by Chemical Formulae 1 to 3 onto the polyamide active layer, in which a content of the random copolymer is 0.5 wt % to 2 wt % based on a total weight of the coating solution, a water-treatment separation membrane manufactured by using the same, and a water treatment module comprising the water-treatment separation membrane.

The present specification provides a method for manufacturing a water-treatment separation membrane, the method comprising: preparing a porous support; forming a polyamide active layer on the porous support by using an interfacial polymerization of an aqueous solution comprising an amine compound and an organic solution comprising an acyl halide compound; and coating a coating solution comprising a random copolymer comprising the monomers represented by Chemical Formulae 1 to 3 onto the polyamide active layer, in which a content of the random copolymer is 0.5 wt % to 2 wt % based on a total weight of the coating solution, a water-treatment separation membrane manufactured by using the same, and a water treatment module comprising the water-treatment separation membrane.