A separation membrane module includes a separation membrane including a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer, and polymer A, wherein the polymer A includes a hydrophilic unit and a hydrophobic unit, and is a copolymer having an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms at a side-chain terminal of the hydrophobic unit, the separation membrane module having a retention rate of an albumin sieving coefficient of 86% or more at 60 minutes after circulation start relative to an albumin sieving coefficient at 10 minutes after circulation start when 2 L of bovine blood containing 50 U/ml of heparin, and having a hematocrit of 30% by volume and a total protein concentration of 6 to 7 g/dl is circulated at a flow rate of 100 ml/min at 37° C. and a filtration flow rate of 10 ml/(min.Math.m.sup.2).

The invention relates to membranes, monomers and polymers. The monomers can form polymers, which can be used for membranes. The membranes can be used in alkaline fuel cells, for water purification, for electrolysis, for flow batteries, and for anti-bacterial membranes and materials, as well as membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells. In addition to the membranes, polymers and monomers and methods of using the membranes, the present invention also relates to methods of making the membranes, monomers and polymers.

The invention relates to membranes, monomers and polymers. The monomers can form polymers, which can be used for membranes. The membranes can be used in alkaline fuel cells, for water purification, for electrolysis, for flow batteries, and for anti-bacterial membranes and materials, as well as membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells. In addition to the membranes, polymers and monomers and methods of using the membranes, the present invention also relates to methods of making the membranes, monomers and polymers.

Provided is a method including the steps of producing a melt-kneaded product and discharging the melt-kneaded product. In the step of producing a melt-kneaded product, a thermoplastic resin, a non-solvent and an inorganic compound are mixed and melt-kneaded, wherein the non-solvent does not uniformly dissolve the thermoplastic resin of one-quarter mass at a boiling point or 250° C., whichever is lower.

Provided is a method including the steps of producing a melt-kneaded product and discharging the melt-kneaded product. In the step of producing a melt-kneaded product, a thermoplastic resin, a non-solvent and an inorganic compound are mixed and melt-kneaded, wherein the non-solvent does not uniformly dissolve the thermoplastic resin of one-quarter mass at a boiling point or 250° C., whichever is lower.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an organic compound having an acid dissociation constant in a 25° C. aqueous solution of 5.0 to 15.0, a hydrophilic resin, and a basic compound, wherein a content of the organic compound is 30 to 1,000 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the hydrophilic resin.

Disclosed are porous membranes including a porous support and a coating comprising a copolymer having monomeric units A and B, and optionally monomeric units C; wherein A is a halogenated vinyl monomer other than tetrafluoroethylene, a halogenated alkyl vinyl ether, or an alkene of the formula C.sub.nH.sub.2n, wherein n is 1-6; B is a perfluoro (alkyl vinyl)ether compound, a perfluoroalkyl vinyl compound, or a perfluoro alkoxyalkyl vinyl ether compound, each compound having one or more sulfonic acid groups or a salt thereof, one or more sulfonyl fluoride groups, one or more sulfonamide groups, or one or more sulfonate ester groups, and C is vinylidene fluoride. Also disclosed are methods of preparing such porous membranes and methods of treating fluids by the use of these membranes.

Disclosed are porous membranes including a porous support and a coating comprising a copolymer having monomeric units A and B, and optionally monomeric units C; wherein A is a halogenated vinyl monomer other than tetrafluoroethylene, a halogenated alkyl vinyl ether, or an alkene of the formula C.sub.nH.sub.2n, wherein n is 1-6; B is a perfluoro (alkyl vinyl)ether compound, a perfluoroalkyl vinyl compound, or a perfluoro alkoxyalkyl vinyl ether compound, each compound having one or more sulfonic acid groups or a salt thereof, one or more sulfonyl fluoride groups, one or more sulfonamide groups, or one or more sulfonate ester groups, and C is vinylidene fluoride. Also disclosed are methods of preparing such porous membranes and methods of treating fluids by the use of these membranes.

The present invention provides nanofiltration membranes with reduced chemical reactivity that can be utilized in manufacturing processes where reactive feedstocks and/or products are utilized or produced. Methods of making and using the membranes are also provided.

The present invention provides nanofiltration membranes with reduced chemical reactivity that can be utilized in manufacturing processes where reactive feedstocks and/or products are utilized or produced. Methods of making and using the membranes are also provided.