A gas production device 1 comprises a connection unit 2 for supplying an exhaust gas including carbon dioxide CO.sub.2, a reducing gas supply unit 3 that supplies a reducing gas including H.sub.2 that reduces a reducing agent 4R that has been brought into an oxidized state by contact with the carbon dioxide CO.sub.2, the reducing agent including a metal oxide that generates CO by reducing the carbon dioxide CO.sub.2, and a reaction unit 4 provided with a plurality of reactors 4a to 4d connected respectively to the connection unit 2 and the reducing gas supply unit 3, and with the educing agent 4R that is contained in each of the reactors 4a to 4d, in which the reaction unit 4 being capable of switching between the oxidizing gas and the reducing gas to be supplied to each of the reactors 4a to 4d. The plurality of reactors 4a to 4d include first reactors and second reactors to which the reducing gas is supplied when the oxidizing gas is supplied to the first reactors, and the number of the first reactors is two or more and/or the number of the second reactors is two or more.

The present invention relates to a method and a system for catalytic oxidation of a lean H.sub.2S stream. More specifically, the invention concerns a novel way of removing sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) formed by catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) with the purpose of removing H.sub.2S from a gas. This catalytic oxidation of H.sub.2S yields sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) through the use of known catalysts, so-called SMC catalysts.

The present invention relates to a VOC reduction system and a VOC reduction method that applies pulse type thermal energy to a catalyst to activate the catalyst and oxidizes and removes the VOC.

A plasma abatement process for abating effluent containing compounds from a processing chamber is described. A plasma abatement process takes gaseous foreline effluent from a processing chamber, such as a deposition chamber, and reacts the effluent within a plasma chamber placed in the foreline path. The plasma dissociates the compounds within the effluent, converting the effluent into more benign compounds. Abating reagents may assist in the abating of the compounds. The abatement process may be a volatizing or a condensing abatement process. Representative volatilizing abating reagents include, for example, CH.sub.4, H.sub.2O, H.sub.2, NF.sub.3, SF.sub.6, F.sub.2, HCl, HF, Cl.sub.2, and HBr. Representative condensing abating reagents include, for example, H.sub.2, H.sub.2O, O.sub.2, N.sub.2, O.sub.3, CO, CO.sub.2, NH.sub.3, N.sub.2O, CH.sub.4, and combinations thereof.

Disclosed is a method of adding a feed medium into a bioprocess. The method includes receiving a stream of CO2-rich gas; treating the stream of CO2-rich gas to remove impurities therefrom; preparing an aqueous mixture for absorbing carbon dioxide, the aqueous mixture having at least one inorganic nitrogen compound in a range of 0.1-50 wt % of the aqueous mixture, the at least one inorganic nitrogen compound is a nitrogen source for microorganisms; absorbing carbon dioxide from the stream of CO2-rich gas into the aqueous mixture, the aqueous mixture with absorbed carbon dioxide forming a feed medium; and adding the feed medium into a bioprocess.

A system for use in carbon negative emission methods, a nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system, an air supply device and a flow control module. The system for use in carbon negative emission methods enables biomass to produce inorganic carbon and pyrolysis gas/gasification gas to realize negative emission of carbon. The nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system enables fuel to be in mixed combustion with the pyrolysis gas/gasification gas to remove nitrogen oxides, which realizes ultra-low emission of the nitrogen oxides. The air supply device is in communication with a biomass pyrolysis coupling partial gasification and is in communication with the system for use in carbon negative emission methods and the nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system. The pyrolysis gas/gasification gas enters the nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system. The flow control module controls a flow ratio of a pyrolysis agent/gasification agent entering the system for use in carbon negative emission methods and flow of the pyrolysis gas/gasification gas and air entering the nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system.

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for selective deposition on different materials using a surface treatment. According to one embodiment, the method includes providing a substrate containing a first material layer having a first surface and a second material layer having a second surface, and performing a chemical oxide removal process that terminates that second surface with hydroxyl groups. The method further includes modifying the second surface by exposure to a process gas containing a hydrophobic functional group, the modifying substituting the hydroxyl groups on the second surface with the hydrophobic functional group, and selectively depositing a metal-containing layer on the first surface but not on the modified second surface by exposing the substrate to a deposition gas.

Disclosed herein are emission treatment systems, articles, and methods for selectively reducing NOx compounds. The systems include a hydrogen generator, a hydrogen selective catalytic reduction (H.sub.2-SCR) article, and one or more of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and/or a lean NOx trap (LNT) and/or a low temperature NOx adsorber (LTNA). Certain articles may comprise a zone coated substrate and/or a layered coated substrate and/or an intermingled coated substrate of one or more of the H.sub.2-SCR and/or DOC and/or LNT and/or LTNA catalytic compositions.

A system and method of abating air pollution and stimulating crop growth. A reagent is introduced to a crop canopy to neutralize air pollutants within said canopy, wherein the reagent induces an oxidation-reduction chemical reaction with the air pollution present throughout the acreage of crops, and by means of the reaction effectually neutralizes the harmful effects of the air pollutants on the crops. The reagent is diluted using a venturi valve or other means. The flow rate of said reagent is regulated using an electronic control unit, based on data collected from at least one type of sensor in the canopy that is in communication with the control unit.

An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine comprising at least two exhaust treatment catalysts arranged in an engine exhaust passage, a hydrogen feed source, and a plurality of hydrogen feed passages for feeding hydrogen from the hydrogen feed source to the exhaust treatment catalysts. When warming up the exhaust treatment catalysts, hydrogen is fed from the hydrogen feed source through the corresponding hydrogen feed passage to the exhaust treatment catalyst with the larger rise of the exhaust removal rate when hydrogen is fed among the exhaust treatment catalysts.