Described is a selective catalytic reduction material comprising a spherical particle including an agglomeration of crystals of a molecular sieve. The catalyst is a crystalline material that is effective to catalyze the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in the presence of a reductant at temperatures between 200 C. and 600 C. A method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides and an exhaust gas treatment system are also described.

A selective catalytic reduction system applying diesel oil as reductant for converting nitrogen oxides by means of a catalyst into diatomic nitrogen and water in a diesel engine is provided. The selective catalytic reduction system includes an oil injection system, a reactor and a number of selective catalytic reduction catalysts provided in a first section. The selective catalytic reduction system includes at least one additional section including a number of selective catalytic reduction catalysts. The at least one additional section is provided in a non-zero from the first section.

An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine includes a catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, a fuel supply device supplying fuel to the catalyst through the exhaust passage, and a control device configured to control the supply of fuel by the fuel supply device. The control device is configured to calculate a concentration in exhaust gas of fuel supplied to the exhaust passage by the fuel supply device and a saturation vapor pressure concentration of the fuel and supply fuel from the fuel supply device to the catalyst only when the concentration in the exhaust gas is higher than the saturation vapor pressure concentration.

A fuel tank inerting system is disclosed. The system includes a fuel tank and a catalytic reactor with an inlet, an outlet, a reactive flow path between the inlet and the outlet, and a catalyst on the reactive flow path. The catalytic reactor is arranged to receive fuel from a fuel flow path in operative communication with the fuel tank and oxygen from an oxygen source, and to catalytically react a mixture of the fuel and oxygen along the reactive flow path to generate an inert gas. An inert gas flow path provides inert gas from the catalytic reactor to the fuel tank. An adsorbent is disposed along the fuel flow path or along the reactive flow path.

The invention provides a device and system for decomposing and oxidizing of gaseous pollutants. A novel reaction portion reduces particle formation in fluids during treatment, thereby improving the defect of particle accumulation in a reaction portion. Also, the system includes the device, wherein a modular design enables the system to have the advantage of easy repair and maintenance.

Oxygen is removed from a gas feed such as a landfill gas, a digester gas or an industrial CO.sub.2 off-gas by heating the feed gas, optionally removing siloxanes and silanols from the heated feed gas, optionally removing part of the sulfur-containing compounds in the heated feed gas, injecting one or more reactants for oxygen conversion into the heated feed gas, carrying out a selective catalytic conversion of any or all of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the gas, including sulfur-containing compounds, chlorine-containing compounds and any of the reactants injected, in at least one suitable reactor, and cleaning the resulting oxygen-depleted gas. The reactants to be injected comprise one or more of H.sub.2, CO, ammonia, urea, methanol, ethanol and dimethyl ether (DME).

A hydrothermal method of preparing uniform, monodisperse ceramic lanthanum hydroxyl carbonate (LaCO.sub.3OH) having cherry-blossom-like nanogears and/or nanocubes is described. The method produced a hexagonal crystal with a crystal lattice in which at least on lanthanum ion is substituted with calcium ion. The ceramic nanoparticles produced by the method are good catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides with a hydrocarbon. A method of reducing exhaust gases is described.

Systems and methods for purifying a carbon dioxide gas mixture are disclosed. A carbon dioxide purification and in liquefaction unit integrated with an external hydrocarbon dosing system is used to purify a mixture that includes (1) primarily carbon dioxide and (2) other material including an organic chloride and other organic hydrocarbons. The organic chloride in the mixture may be substantially removed via controlling the amount of the organic chloride reacted in the reactor of the carbon dioxide purification and liquefaction unit. The controlling of the organic chloride content is executed by the external hydrocarbon dosing system. The external hydrocarbon dosing system is configured to maintain a temperature of the effluent from the reactor within a predetermined range via controlling the flow rate of the external hydrocarbon into the mixture.

The invention provides a device and system for decomposing and oxidizing of gaseous pollutants. A novel reaction portion reduces particle formation in fluids during treatment, thereby improving the defect of particle accumulation in a reaction portion. Also, the system includes the device, wherein a modular design enables the system to have the advantage of easy repair and maintenance.

The invention provides a device and system for decomposing and oxidizing of gaseous pollutants. A novel reaction portion reduces particle formation in fluids during treatment, thereby improving the defect of particle accumulation in a reaction portion. Also, the system includes the device, wherein a modular design enables the system to have the advantage of easy repair and maintenance.