The removal of carbon dioxide using sequestration materials that include salts in molten form, and related systems and methods, are generally described.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of providing a mixed-gas inhalant to a patient via a gas recirculation loop. The gas recirculation loop receives a first mixed-gas exhalant having a first carbon dioxide concentration from the patient, one or more carbon dioxide removal devices discharge a second mixed-gas exhalant having a second carbon dioxide concentration that is less than the first carbon dioxide concentration. The second mixed-gas exhalant is combined with a mixed-gas supply to provide a mixed-gas inhalant. The mied-gas supply includes a first gas and a second gas. The mixed-gas supply is pressure and flow controlled to produce a mixed-gas inhalant having a defined composition delivered to the patient at a defined volumetric flow rate. The first gas may include a gas containing oxygen and the second gas may include a gas mixture containing a noble or inert gas and oxygen.

Puncture elements and methods for using the same are disclosed. The puncture elements according to the disclosed concept include a cutting edge or a sharp and are composed of a mineral loaded polymer. The minerals of the mineral loaded polymer include an active agent, such as a desiccant. Optionally, the puncture elements are used to puncture a cover (e.g., foil seal) of a package.

A method of scrubbing a gas, such as flue gas or exhaust gas, comprising carbon dioxide to deplete the gas of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), the method comprising the steps of: scrubbing the gas in a scrubber (210) with a first alkaline, aqueous scrubbing liquid to dissolve carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) as hydrogen carbonate (HCO.sub.3.sup.−) and/or as carbonate (CO.sub.3.sup.2−) in the first alkaline, aqueous scrubbing liquid, thereby providing a first spent aqueous scrubbing liquid comprising hydrogen carbonate (HCO.sub.3.sup.−) and/or carbonate (CO.sub.3.sup.2−), the first spent aqueous scrubbing liquid having a pH from about 7 to about 9; feeding the first spent aqueous scrubbing liquid to an anode chamber of an electrolytic cell (310) comprising the anode chamber (313) and a cathode chamber (312) separated by a membrane (311); regenerating the first spent aqueous scrubbing liquid in the electrolytic cell (310) by electrolysis, the electrolysis increasing the pH of the first spent aqueous scrubbing liquid in the cathode chamber (312), the electrolysis further depleting the first spent aqueous scrubbing liquid of hydrogen carbonate (HCO.sub.3.sup.−) and of carbonate (CO.sub.3.sup.2−) in the anode chamber (313) by decreasing the pH, the regeneration further comprising generating gaseous hydrogen in the cathode chamber (312) and a gaseous mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the anode chamber (313) by electrolysis; and withdrawing regenerated alkaline, aqueous scrubbing liquid from the cathode chamber (312) and re-circulating it to the scrubber (210); wherein: the gaseous hydrogen is withdrawn from the cathode chamber (312); and the gaseous mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide is withdrawn from the anode chamber (313).

Puncture elements and methods for using the same are disclosed. The puncture elements according to the disclosed concept include a cutting edge or a sharp and are composed of a mineral loaded polymer. The minerals of the mineral loaded polymer include an active agent, such as a desiccant. Optionally, the puncture elements are used to puncture a cover (e.g., foil seal) of a package.

An atmospheric water harvesting material includes a deliquescent salt, a photothermal agent, and a polymeric hydrogel matrix containing the deliquescent salt and photothermal agent.

Integrated systems comprising both i) heat and mass exchange systems and ii) electrolysis stacks are disclosed, together with related methods of use. The disclosed systems cool and/or dehumidify air using two streams of salt solutions as liquid desiccants.

A water generation system for generating liquid water from a process gas containing water vapor is disclosed. In various embodiments, the water generation systems comprise a solar thermal unit, a condenser and a controller configured to operate the water generation system between a loading operational mode and a release operational mode for the production of liquid water. A method of generating water from a process gas is disclosed herein. In various embodiments, the method comprises flowing a process gas into a solar thermal unit, transitioning from the loading operational mode to a release operational mode; flowing a regeneration fluid into the solar thermal unit and the condenser during the release operational mode; and, condensing water vapor from the regeneration fluid to produce liquid water.

The present disclosure relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) (collectively NOR, where x=1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO.sub.2, NOx and SO.sub.2. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO.sub.2, NOx and SO.sub.2 into compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value.