This disclosure provides an apparatus to manipulate the crystal morphology of a powder to improve the flow of a powder from a vessel and/or flowability of a powder in order to achieve stable fluidization of the powder within a vessel.

A method and modular desulfurization-decarbonization apparatus for removing contaminants from exhaust gas is described. The apparatus comprises discrete modular units with distinct functions. The modular units may be housed in standard shipping containers and installed on cargo ships. The modules can be removed and replaced while docking with minimal disruption to ship and port operations.

Improved methods and systems are provided for the on-board removal of sulfur dioxide generated by a marine vessel. The method includes spraying an alkaline fluid into the flue gas to produce a saturated flue gas stream containing the alkaline fluid; and flowing the saturated flue gas stream containing the alkaline fluid through a venturi to cause the particulates in the flue gas to impact the alkaline fluid and react at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide with the alkaline fluid.

An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO.sub.2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then tested and processed (e.g., mixed/diluted with processed feedstock solution, seawater or another saltwater solution and/or reacted with CO.sub.2) to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life. Modified BPED systems include features that facilitate autonomous system operations including enhanced maintenance cycle operations and a reduced reliance on external fresh water sources.

A chemical process captures and convert hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) gas into elemental sulfur, polysulfide, sulfur dioxide and/or sulfuric acid while regenerating sodium hydroxide capture agent for further use in an initial H.sub.2S capture step. Processing may include initial sodium hydroxide scrubbing of gas streams containing H.sub.2S, electrochemical regeneration of the sodium hydroxide from sodium hydrosulfide or sodium sulfide, recovery of sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide from the electrochemical processing, and production of sulfuric acid from such sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide.

The present invention relates to an air purifier (1) comprising a body (2) having an inlet opening (I) through which the air in the environment is sucked and an outlet opening (O) through which the cleaned air is released, and a CO.sub.2 adsorption unit (3) which is provided on the body (2), which chemically adsorbs the carbon dioxide in the air taken into the body (2) by being supplied with air together with a basic solution and which has an inlet tube (5).

A process for removal of mercury in a gas dehydration system comprising (a) adding a complexing agent to a recirculated glycol solvent as part of the glycol solution feed prior to or at the dehydration liquid contactor and recirculating continuously with the glycol solvent, (b) selectively reacting the complexing agent with mercury in the wet natural gas to remove the mercury from the dry natural gas product, (c) and feeding the rich glycol with the complexing agent to a regenerator and continuously regenerating.

Techniques for distributing a liquid in a liquid-gas system include flowing a liquid into a system of nozzles and basin of the liquid-gas contacting system; and operating the nozzles and basin system with a distribution sub-assembly configured to operate the nozzles under a plurality of liquid flow rates and maintaining a consistent spatial liquid distribution of the liquid within the distribution sub-assembly at the plurality of liquid flow rates.

The invention relates to a method for treating emergency spill or leak of halogen which is bromine or chlorine, comprising contacting an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium halide with the halogen.

A system for making oxide material may comprise a preheating cyclone stage for receiving a solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature less than a calcination temperature of the solid carbonate material, a calcination cyclone stage for heating the preheated solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature of at least the calcination temperature to convert the preheated solid carbonate material to a solid oxide material and carbon dioxide gas, a cooling cyclone stage for cooling the solid oxide material and operating at a temperature less than the calcination temperature to cool the solid oxide material to ambient temperature, a first recirculating system to extract and recirculate a first gas from an outlet of the calcination cyclone stage to an inlet of the calcination cyclone stage zone, and a second recirculating system to extract and recirculate a second gas from the cooling cyclone stage to the preheating cyclone stage.