The present invention provides a new carbon dioxide fixation apparatus. The carbon dioxide fixation apparatus (1) of the present invention includes: a first reaction vessel (10); a carbon dioxide fixing agent feeding unit (110); and a gas-liquid mixing unit. The first reaction vessel (10) can contain a carbon dioxide fixing agent, the carbon dioxide fixing agent feeding unit (110) can feed the carbon dioxide fixing agent into the first reaction vessel (10), and the gas-liquid mixing unit can mix a gas containing carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide fixing agent.

A vertical scrubber (1) for exhaust gas from a marine vessel is described. An exhaust gas tube (2) is substantially coaxially arranged through the bottom of a lower scrubbing chamber (3) and is released though an exhaust gas outlet (20) being coaxially arranged through the top of an upper scrubbing chamber (13). A lower scrubbing chamber deflection body (4) is arranged above the opening of the exhaust gas tube (2) for redirecting the exhaust gas towards the walls of the scrubber and create turbulent gas flow, where one or more lower chamber water injector(s) (6, 6′) is (are) arranged above the lower scrubbing chamber deflection body (4), to introduce scrubbing water, and where a lower chamber exhaust gas outlet (12) is arranged at the top of the lower scrubbing chamber (3) as a coaxial constriction, for withdrawing the partly scrubbed exhaust gas from the first scrubbing chamber and introducing the gas into the upper scrubbing chamber (13).

A process for treating effluent streams in a naphtha complex is described. One or more of the sour water stripping unit for the NHT sour water from the NHT, the amine treatment unit and the caustic treatment unit for the NHT stripper off-gas, the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the off-gas from the C.sub.5-C.sub.6 isomerization zone and the C.sub.4 isomerization zone, and the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the regenerator off-gas are replaced with a thermal oxidation system.

A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

The present invention describes the process of preparing ceramics for the absorption of ACIDIC gases, which worsen the greenhouse effect, that are released in combustion systems, or that are present in closed environments. In relation to carbon dioxide, principal target of the present invention, the process of absorption, transport, processing and transformation of the gas into other products is described. The process uses ceramic materials prepared through the solid mixture of one or more metallic oxides, with one or more binding agents and an expanding agent. The product generated can be processed and the absorbent system regenerated. The carbon dioxide obtained in the processing can be used as analytic or commercial carbonic gas, various carbamates and ammonium carbonate.

Methods of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) are provided. Aspects of the methods include contacting an aqueous capture ammonia with a gaseous source of CO.sub.2 under conditions sufficient to produce an aqueous ammonium carbonate. The aqueous ammonium carbonate is then combined with a cation source under conditions sufficient to produce a solid CO.sub.2 sequestering carbonate and an aqueous ammonium salt. The aqueous capture ammonia is then regenerated from the from the aqueous ammonium salt. Also provided are systems configured for carrying out the methods.

Multi-fiber, fiber optic cable assemblies may be configured so that the terminal ends of the cables have pre-assembled back-post assemblies that include pre-assembled ferrules, such as MPO ferrules that meet the requisite tolerances needed for fiber optic transmissions. To protect the pre-assembled components from damage prior to and during installation, pre-assembled components may be enclosed within a protective housing. The housing with pre-assembled components may be of a size smaller than fully assembled connectors so as to be sized to fit through a conduit. The remaining connector housing components for the multi-fiber connectors may be provided separately and may be configured to be attached to the back-post assembly after installation of the cable.

Disclosed are methods and systems for removing submicron particles from a gas stream, in particular from urea prilling off-gas, wherein a Venturi ejector is used. A method comprises contacting a gas stream containing submicron particles in a Venturi ejector with an injected high velocity scrubbing liquid to provide a pumping action, wherein the scrubbing liquid has an initial velocity of at least 25 m/s and wherein the ratio of scrubbing liquid and gas flow is between 0.0005 and 0.0015 (m.sup.3/h)/(m.sup.3/h).

A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

Methods for treating an industrial byproduct, such as spent, granular, activated carbon, dredge spoils, or contaminated soils involve integrated steps to clean, concentrate, separate and/or otherwise collect hazardous and/or desired materials from such industrial byproducts. The cleaned, concentrated, separated, or collected materials may involve sufficient quantities to be useful to subsequent processors, raw materials, additives, and the like. Other treatment methods involve retaining the clean material stream at sufficient temperatures for sufficient time to separate and concentrate desired material for recovery therefrom, such as precious metals and rare earth elements.