Nitrogen oxides formed in combustion engines are recycled such that the nitrogen oxides can be utilized for producing liquid or solid chemicals. The nitrogen oxides are recycled by a method including an adsorber material adsorbing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust-gas stream of the combustion engine, removing the adsorber material laden with nitrogen oxides, desorbing the adsorbed nitrogen oxides from the adsorber material, and converting the nitrogen oxides desorbed from the adsorber material into liquid or solid nitrogen-containing compounds.

Puncture elements and methods for using the same are disclosed. The puncture elements according to the disclosed concept include a cutting edge or a sharp and are composed of a mineral loaded polymer. The minerals of the mineral loaded polymer include an active agent, such as a desiccant. Optionally, the puncture elements are used to puncture a cover (e.g., foil seal) of a package.

The invention pertains to methods of reducing dissolved elements such as arsenic, selenium and mercury in aqueous solutions using, for example, various barium compounds to partition said elements to a solid phase. Such methods are particularly useful for reducing such elements at various points in coal and oil-fired power plants prior to final waste water treatment.

A gas adsorbing material particle includes an additive material particle having a moisture adsorption property; and a layer of a gas adsorbing metal disposed on a surface of the additive material particle, wherein the gas adsorbing metal is inactivated by moisture and adsorbs a target gas, wherein an average thickness of the layer of the metal is less than or equal to about 37 micrometers.

An adsorbent composition, adsorbent apparatus, and gas purification process using the absorbent composition are provided for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas containing at least hydrogen sulfide as an impurity. The adsorbent composition includes a combination of at least one carbon material, at least one clay material, and at least one metal oxide. In particular, the combination of carbon material(s), clay material(s) and metal oxide(s) provide for effective removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas at a reduced cost.

There is provided with a carbon dioxide treating method capable of suppressing a decrease in the content of a hydrocarbon contained in natural gas before and after removal of carbon dioxide. A method for treating carbon dioxide contained in natural gas comprises: preparing an aqueous dispersion containing magnesium hydroxide and acetonitrile; bringing the aqueous dispersion and the natural gas into contact with each other; and making the magnesium hydroxide and the carbon dioxide react with each other, wherein the aqueous dispersion further contains metal hydroxides, and the metal hydroxides include barium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.

An adsorbent composition, adsorbent apparatus, and gas purification process using the absorbent composition are provided for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas containing at least hydrogen sulfide as an impurity. The adsorbent composition includes a combination of at least one carbon material, at least one clay material, and at least one metal oxide. In particular, the combination of carbon material(s), clay material(s) and metal oxide(s) provide for effective removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas at a reduced cost.

The present invention relates to an absorbent composition for absorbing the carbon dioxide contained in a gaseous effluent comprising the combination of a base B or of a mixture of bases B of carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or hydroxide type with at least one unsaturated heterocyclic organic compound R(NH).sub.n wherein the radical R is an alicyclic, monoaromatic or polyaromatic, or heterocyclic group having at least one nitrogen atom, and n is between 1 and 20, in an aqueous solvent Z and/or the product obtained by reaction of said base B or of said mixture of bases B with said compound R(NH).sub.n in said aqueous solvent Z. The invention also relates to a process to capturing the CO.sub.2 in a gaseous effluent using said composition.

The present invention generally relates to the field of gas and liquid phase desiccation. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for removing moisture (and hence oxygen precursors) from hydrazine, thereby providing a high purity source gas suitable for use in vapor deposition processes, such as but not limited to, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or an atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Gas separation modules and methods for use including an integrated adsorbent and membrane. In certain refining applications, it is paramount to obtain high purity product gases. Adsorbent beds are effective at removing certain contaminants, such as CO.sub.2, from gas streams containing product and contaminant constituents to form a product-rich stream. The integrated membrane permits a further separation of products from any unadsorbed contaminant to produce a high purity product, such as hydrogen, stream. The gas separation modules described herein include stacked, radial, and spiral arrangements. Each modules includes a configuration of feed and cross-flow channels for the collection of contaminant gases and/or high purity product gases.