The present disclosure is generally directed to a water processing system. In some embodiments, the water processing system may be configured to generate a potassium salt, such as potassium nitrate, an ammonium salt, such as ammonium nitrate, or both. In some embodiments, the water processing system may be at least partially powered by renewable energy, such as by using a liquid storage system that is at least partially underground. In some embodiments, the water processing system may be configured to reuse certain greenhouse emissions to improve performance of power generation systems associated with the water processing system.

Devices, systems, and methods for carbon capture optimization in industrial facilities are disclosed herein. An example carbon capture process involves cooling a flue gas stream using at least one gas-to-air heat exchanger disposed upstream of a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorber. Another example carbon capture process involves heating a heat medium for solvent regeneration and CO2 stripping using a fired heater and/or using at least one waste heat recovery unit.

Gaseous CO.sub.2 capture systems are provided. Systems of interest include a plurality of gaseous CO.sub.2 sources and at least one common CO.sub.2 capture constraining element shared by the plurality of CO.sub.2 sources. The subject systems are configured to improve at least one gaseous CO.sub.2 capture performance metric relative to a suitable control. Gaseous CO.sub.2 capture systems involving power plants, industrial plants, common mineralization capture system feed sources, common electrical grids, and common building material producers are also provided.

A method of recovering ammonia bicarbonate from a biogas and digestate liquor uses an arrangement of equipment in an operational arrangement that requires relatively modest capital investment and that operates with simplicity to provide solid ammonia bicarbonate. In a specific form the method achieves this by upgrading of biogas to produce a rejected stream having a high mole fraction of CO.sub.2 at an elevated pressure that eliminates the need for further compression when using the CO.sub.2 for recovery of ammonia bicarbonate. The method operates can operate at a high pH produced inherently in a digestate stripper by concurrently stripping dissolved CO.sub.2 from solution to improve the simplicity of solid AB recovery.

An efficient ammonia desulphurization and oxidation apparatus includes a desulphurization tower, where spray layers in multiple stages and a tower reactor are sequentially arranged in the desulphurization tower; a first gas-liquid distribution plate, a second gas-liquid distribution plate, and a third gas-liquid distribution plate are sequentially arranged in the tower reactor; an ammonia distribution zone is formed between the first and second gas-liquid distribution plates, and an ammonia water distributor is further arranged between the first gas-liquid distribution plate and the second gas-liquid distribution plate in the ammonia distribution zone; an absorption zone is formed between the second and third gas-liquid distribution plates; an oxidation zone is formed between the third gas-liquid distribution plate and a bottom of the tower; in the oxidation zone, oxidizing air distributors in multiple stages are arranged at a lower side of the third gas-liquid plate.

A direct contact cooler comprises a flue gas stream path extending from a flue gas inlet to a flue gas outlet. The direct contact cooler further includes a first treatment section and a second treatment section disposed along the flue gas stream path. The first treatment section is arranged upstream of the second treatment section with respect to a flue gas stream along the flue gas stream path. The direct contact cooler includes an ammonia-rich wash water inlet and an ammonia-lean wash water outlet. The ammonia-rich wash water inlet is disposed between the first treatment section and the second treatment section and the ammonia-lean wash water outlet is disposed upstream of the first treatment section. Also disclosed herein are an ammonia-based carbon dioxide removal system including a direct contact cooler as defined above and a relevant method for carbon dioxide abatement.

Devices, systems, and methods for power plant facilities are disclosed herein. A power plant facility includes a gas turbine; and a power generator that generates electricity from power supplied by the gas turbine. The power plant facility can also include at least one post-combustion capture unit that generates a CO2-rich stream from the combustion products of the gas turbine; and a sequestration compression unit that compresses and conveys at least one CO2-rich stream from a post-combustion capture unit, towards a sequestration site.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission in a vessel and a vessel including the same, in which an absorbent liquid recycling unit is provided in two or more stages so that an unreacted aqueous ammonium salt solution remaining in ammonia water is removed to maintain a concentration of ammonia water at a certain level, thereby increasing a recovery rate of an absorbent liquid and preventing a deterioration in greenhouse gas absorption performance. Or in which exhaust gas is cooled by a heat exchange method, thereby preventing a decrease in a concentration of an absorbent liquid, and an absorbent liquid recycling unit is provided in two or more stages so that an unreacted aqueous ammonium salt solution remaining in ammonia water is removed, thereby increasing a recovery rate of the absorbent liquid and preventing a deterioration in greenhouse gas absorption performance.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

A reduced-carbon footprint concrete composition includes CO.sub.2-sequestering aggregate that sequesters carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from a CO.sub.2 containing gas and cementitious material. The reduced-carbon footprint concrete composition has a reduced carbon footprint relative to an ordinary concrete composition.