A membrane structure for moving a gaseous object species from a first region having an object species first concentration, through the membrane structure, to a second region having an object species second concentration different from the first concentration is described. The membrane includes a supporting substrate having a plurality of pores therethrough, each of the plurality of pores defined by a first end, a second end and a surface of the supporting substrate extending between the first end and the second end as well as a nanoporous layer within the plurality of pores, wherein the nanoporous layer comprises a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer. The membrane also includes a liquid transport medium within the hydrophilic layer. The liquid transport medium includes a liquideous permeation medium and at least one enzyme within the liquideous permeation medium. The at least one enzyme is reinforced by at least one stabilizing component.

A washing treatment system includes an odor and flue gas washing tower, a biological deodorization filtering tower, a multifunctional biomass combustion boiler, a liquid fermentation reactor, a solid fermentation reactor, circulating pumps, an exhaust fan and an induced draft fan. An exhaust port is formed in a top end cover of the odor and flue gas washing tower. A liquid inlet, an air inlet and a liquid drainage port are formed in a side wall of a tank body. A hanging basket is placed in the tank body. Organic fillers and/or inorganic fillers are placed in the hanging basket. An inner cavity of the washing tower is divided into a liquid inlet shunting cavity, a filler layer, an air cavity and a liquid accumulation cavity from top to bottom. An upper supernatant in the liquid fermentation reactor is connected with the liquid inlet for washing.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for reducing deleterious atmospheric gases, such as greenhouse gases. In specific embodiments, the reduction in deleterious atmospheric gases is achieved via enhanced vegetative carbon utilization and storage, as well as increased carbon sequestration in soil. In some embodiments, the subject invention can be used for reducing the number of carbon credits used by an operator involved in, e.g., agriculture, livestock production, waste management or other industries. In certain embodiments, the subject invention provides customizable microbe-based products, as well as methods of using these microbe-based products for reduction of greenhouse gases and/or enhanced sequestration of carbon.

The present invention relates to polypeptides having carbonic anhydrase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor and more particularly, to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor capable of converting carbon dioxide contained in flue gas into an aqueous bicarbonate solution that may be used in many applications; and at the same time, preventing back pressure from increasing due to supplied flue gas by allowing a conversion process to rapidly proceed, thereby significantly reducing the level of carbon dioxide contained in flue gas with high efficiency and high conversion speed, a series reactor for converting and capturing carbon dioxide including the carbon dioxide conversion reactor, and a process of converting and capturing carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide conversion reactor.

There is provided a process and a system for producing CO and H.sub.2 (syngas) from a CO.sub.2-containing gas. The process includes a step of contacting a CO.sub.2-containing gas with an aqueous absorption solution to produce a bicarbonate loaded stream and a CO.sub.2-depleted gas, followed by a step of subjecting the bicarbonate loaded stream to an electrochemical conversion to generate a gaseous stream including CO and H.sub.2. The system includes an absorption unit wherein the CO.sub.2-containing gas is contacted with the absorption solution to produce the bicarbonate loaded stream and the CO.sub.2-depleted gas and a conversion unit including an electrolytic cell for electrochemically converting bicarbonate ions in the bicarbonate loaded stream into the gaseous stream including CO and H.sub.2 and a bicarbonate depleted stream. In some embodiments, an enzyme such as a carbonic anhydrase can be used to catalyze the conversion of the CO.sub.2-containing gas into the bicarbonate loaded stream.

Methods for enzyme-enhanced CO.sub.2 capture include contacting a CO.sub.2-containing gas with an aqueous absorption solution at process conditionssuch as high temperature, high pH, and/or using carbonate-based solutionsin the presence of Thermovibrio ammonificans carbonic anhydrase (TACA) or functional derivative thereof for catalyzing the hydration reaction of CO.sub.2 into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions and/or catalyzing the desorption reaction to produce a CO.sub.2 gas. The TACA may be provided to flow with the solution to cycle through a CO.sub.2 capture system that includes an absorber and a stripper.

Processes, methods, and apparatus for carbon sequestration utilizing catalysis schemes configured to provide high concentrations of hydrated CO.sub.2 in proximity with a sequestration agent are provided. Reactants are combined with catalyst such that at least two regions of controlled catalytic activity form encompassing at least the interface between a sequestration agent and an aqueous solution containing dissolved CO.sub.2. Suitable reactants include various sequestration agents, catalyst, and carbon dioxide dissolved in an aqueous solution (seawater, for example). Possible products include bicarbonate and metal cations.

The present invention relates to polypeptides having carbonic anhydrase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Methods of producing a treated gas by removing nitrogenous compounds are disclosed. Methods of recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream are disclosed. Methods of producing a fertilizer product from organic waste are disclosed. The methods may include introducing a gas stream having nitrogenous compounds into a nitrogenous liquid containing a salt of ammonia to absorb the nitrogenous compounds in the liquid and produce a treated gas. The methods may also include controlling the pH of certain solutions or introducing an oxidant into certain solutions to produce nitrogen ions. Systems for removing nitrogenous compounds including a reaction subsystem, an oxidation control subsystem, a dissolved solids concentrator, and a recirculation line are also disclosed. The systems may be employed to remove nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, recover the nitrogenous compounds from the gas stream, or produce a fertilizer product from the recovered nitrogenous compounds.