The present invention relates to an average-density-adjustable structure and more specifically provides a structure the average density of which is adjusted by changing the material of the structure and the size of a void formed therein and which can thereby float on the surface of or in a liquid and can easily bond with or change a material present in a gas or liquid by being equipped with a first material, which is one among an organic catalyst, an inorganic catalyst, a microorganism, and a biomolecule.

A desulfurization gas process includes water vapor, CO.sub.2 and SO.sub.x (x=2 and/or 3). In a treatment unit, the gas contacts a cooled alkaline aqueous solution having a temperature lower than an initial gas temperature, water and a carbonate of an alkali metal, to cool the gas, condense some water vapor and absorb SO.sub.x in the carbonate-containing solution, produce an SO.sub.x-depleted gas and an acidic aqueous solution including sulfate and/or sulfite ions. The SO.sub.x-depleted gas and a portion of the acidic aqueous solution can then be withdrawn from the treatment unit. Carbonate of the alkali metal can be added to remaining acidic aqueous solution to obtain a made-up alkaline aqueous solution. This solution can be cooled and reused as the cooled alkaline aqueous solution. An SO.sub.x absorbent solution includes a bleed stream from a CO.sub.2-capture process, sodium or potassium carbonate, and an acidic aqueous solution obtained from desulfurization.

Compositions for removing air pollutants from the air are provided. These compositions can be sprayed on a variety of surfaces to remove air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the environment, and are suitable for use in human dwellings.

The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme system that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides methods for selecting the components of the porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme system and methods of self-replenishing the used liquid coating.

Provided is a method of reducing a concentration of a fluorine-containing compound in a sample using a biocatalyst and an ionic liquid.

Methods of producing a treated gas by removing nitrogenous compounds are disclosed. Methods of recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream are disclosed. Methods of producing a fertilizer product from organic waste are disclosed. The methods may include introducing a gas stream having nitrogenous compounds into a nitrogenous liquid containing a salt of ammonia to absorb the nitrogenous compounds in the liquid and produce a treated gas. The methods may also include controlling the pH of certain solutions or introducing an oxidant into certain solutions to produce nitrogen ions. Systems for removing nitrogenous compounds including a reaction subsystem, an oxidation control subsystem, a dissolved solids concentrator, and a recirculation line are also disclosed. The systems may be employed to remove nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, recover the nitrogenous compounds from the gas stream, or produce a fertilizer product from the recovered nitrogenous compounds.

A process for selective capture of CO.sub.2 from gaseous mixture comprising of: (a) spraying a bio-amine cluster; (b) capturing CO.sub.2 through bio-amine cluster; and (c) desorption of CO.sub.2 through solar assisted electro de-amination, wherein the bio-amine cluster is comprises of: an amine cluster comprising of a quaternary Isobutylamine (IB) with amine terminated Poly(L-lactide) as the chelating agent; a cluster stabilizing agent; a cluster micelle stabilizing agent; and a carbonic anhydrase (CA) functionalized matrix in 0.05-0.2 wt % of total wt % of bio-amine cluster and wherein the CA is obtained from a source selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thermoleovorans, Pseudomonas fragi, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Arthrobacter sp. and a process for production of bio-amine cluster.

An active element for trapping and/or releasing a gaseous or liquid substance is provided including a solid body, which is enveloped by an outer boundary surface (S), and contains an active material adapted to trap and/or release a gaseous or liquid substance, wherein the outer boundary surface S has an overall roundish, preferably round shape. The active element is manufactured by injection moulding and can be utilized within a container.

A membrane structure for moving a gaseous object species from a first region having an object species first concentration, through the membrane structure, to a second region having an object species second concentration different from the first concentration is described. The membrane includes a supporting substrate having a plurality of pores therethrough, each of the plurality of pores defined by a first end, a second end and a surface of the supporting substrate extending between the first end and the second end as well as a nanoporous layer within the plurality of pores, wherein the nanoporous layer comprises a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer. The membrane also includes a liquid transport medium within the hydrophilic layer. The liquid transport medium includes a liquideous permeation medium and at least one enzyme within the liquideous permeation medium. The at least one enzyme is reinforced by at least one stabilizing component.