The present disclosure provides an exhaust system for discharging from semiconductor manufacturing equipment a hazardous gas. The exhaust system includes: a main exhaust pipe having a top surface and a bottom surface; a first branch pipe including an upstream end coupled to a source of a gas mixture containing the hazardous gas and a downstream end connected to the main exhaust pipe through the top surface; a second branch pipe including a downstream end connected to the main exhaust pipe through the bottom surface; and a detector configured to detect presence of the hazardous gas in the second branch pipe.

Various illustrative embodiments of a system and process for recovering high-quality biomethane and carbon dioxide product streams from biogas sources and utilizing or sequestering the product streams are provided. The system and process synergistically yield a biomethane product which meets gas pipeline quality specifications and a carbon dioxide product of a quality and form that allows for its transport and sequestration or utilization and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The system and process result in improved access to gas pipelines for products, an improvement in the carbon intensity rating of the methane fuel, and improvements in generation of credits related to reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases.

There are provided methods of treating a catalyst-containing reactor system with a liquid solvent to remove contaminants from the reactor system. An exemplary method includes the steps of: isolating the reactor system to be treated from upstream and downstream equipment; reducing the temperature and pressure of the isolated reactor system by flushing with a hydrogen rich gas; injecting a non-aqueous liquid solvent into the reactor system at an injection point while continuously flowing hydrogen-rich gas through the reactor system; maintaining the solvent in a liquid state while flowing the solvent continuously through the reactor system; and terminating the step of injecting solvent and terminating the continuous flowing of hydrogen-rich gas. The exemplary method is free of the injecting of a carrier gas into the reactor system comprising alkanes selected from the methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

A hydrogen accumulation control system for monitoring and controlling leaked hydrogen within an interior space, in particular of an aircraft, includes a hydrogen detection system installed within the interior space to detect the presence of gaseous hydrogen in the interior space and to provide occurrence data on the detected hydrogen within the interior space, a system control configured to assess the occurrence data and to determine and initiate a remedial procedure for reduction of the detected hydrogen within the interior space, and a venting system configured to vent the interior space from the detected hydrogen according to the remedial procedure.

The invention relates to a method for separating a gas mixture flow, in which use is made of a temperature-change adsorption plant (100) which has a number of adsorption units (A1, A2, A3) which are respectively operated in a first operating mode and a second operating mode, wherein the first operating mode comprises guiding the gas mixture flow (G) at least in part through an adsorption chamber of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and subjecting this flow to an adsorptive exchange of material with at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber, and the second operating mode comprises guiding a first heat transfer fluid flow (W1) at a first temperature through a heat-exchange arrangement of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and transferring heat from the first heat transfer fluid flow (W1) indirectly to the at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber. It is provided that the first operating mode comprises guiding a second heat transfer fluid flow (W2) at a second temperature through the heat-exchange arrangement of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and transferring heat from the at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber indirectly to the second heat transfer fluid flow (W2), and the adsorption units (A1, A2, A3) are respectively operated in a third operating mode which comprises guiding a third heat transfer fluid flow (W3) at a third temperature through the heat-exchange arrangement of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and transferring heat from the at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber to the third heat transfer fluid flow (W3). The invention also relates to a corresponding temperature-change adsorption plant (100).

The invention relates to dense synthetic membranes made from polymerised phosphonium-based ionic liquids which were found to be particularly suitable for use in gas separation. The membranes are obtainable by copolymerization via UV-curing of a composition comprising a phosphonium-based ionic liquid monomer, a co-monomer, a cross-linker, a surfactant and a photo-initiator, the remainder of the polymerization mixture consisting of water.

The invention also relates to a process of manufacturing said membranes, resulting in solid, dense and mechanically stable membranes, and to the use of the membranes so produced in the separation of gas mixtures, particularly gas mixtures containing carbon dioxide.

A fuel cell system includes: a first fuel cell including a first anode and a first cathode, wherein the first anode is configured to output a first anode exhaust gas; a first oxidizer configured to receive the first anode exhaust gas and air from a first air supply, to react the first anode exhaust gas and the air in a preferential oxidation reaction, and to output an oxidized gas; a second fuel cell configured to act as an electrochemical hydrogen separator, the second fuel cell including: a second anode configured to receive the oxidized gas from the first oxidizer and to output a second anode exhaust gas, and a second cathode configured to output a hydrogen stream; and a condenser configured to receive the second anode exhaust gas and to separate water and CO.sub.2.

An igniter apparatus which generates a high speed buoyancy induced vortex to funnel hydrogen and air from the surrounding onto the igniter core where an igniter core heats up to the auto ignition temperature by the exothermic catalytic oxidation of hydrogen on its surface. Water (vapor) is formed as the product, which inhibits the oxidation reaction, if not stripped away from the catalyst surface. The high velocity of the vortex ensures the stripping of the boundary layer of steam that is formed by the reaction, thus ensuring more active sites are available for hydrogen oxidation. The vortex is formed by channeling an upward draft into a vortex by guided fins. The upward draft is formed by a plate, which is also coated with a hydrogen recombination catalyst. The plate becomes hot by the same catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of air containing hydrogen.

A pass or tube or a section thereof or U bend in a coil in a paraffin cracker having section having a pore size in the metal substrate from about 0.001 to 0.5 microns over coated with a dense metal membrane permits the permeation of one or more of H.sub.2, CH.sub.4, CO and CO.sub.2 from cracked gases moving the reaction equilibrium to the production of ethylene and reduces the load on the down-stream separation train of the steam cracker.

A carbon dioxide conversion system for an environment includes a first gas-liquid contactor-separator downstream of the environment; an electrochemical conversion cell downstream of the first gas-liquid contactor-separator; and a cleaned ionic liquid storage intermediate the first gas-liquid contactor-separator and the electrochemical conversion cell.