A lithium extraction composite comprising: (i) a porous support and (ii) particles of a lithium-selective sorbent material coated on at least one surface of the support, wherein the support has a planar membrane, fiber (or rod), or tubular shape. A method for extracting and recovering a lithium salt from an aqueous solution by use of the above-described composition is also described, the method comprising (a) flowing the aqueous source solution through a first zone or over a first surface of the lithium extraction composite to result in selective lithium intercalation in the lithium-selective sorbent material in the first zone or first surface; and (b) simultaneously recovering lithium salt extracted in step (a) from said lithium-selective sorbent material by flowing an aqueous stripping solution through a second zone or over a second surface of the lithium extraction composite in which lithium ions from the first zone or first surface diffuse.

A processing system is provided for capturing and recycling process gases from semiconductor manufacturing operations. The system includes a process chamber configured to process a substrate and an exhaust system coupled to the process chamber and configured to remove process effluent from the process chamber. An abatement system including a first metal-organic framework (MOF) container is coupled downstream of the exhaust system, where the first MOF container is configured to capture a first gas species of the process effluent.

Systems and methods for recovery of gaseous substances from molten salt electrolysis are generally described. Certain systems comprise a cell configured for molten salt electrolysis; a collector fluidically connected to the cell and configured to collect volatilized molten salt from the cell; and a gas scrubber fluidically connected to the collector and configured to at least partially remove a gas from an effluent stream of the cell. Some methods comprise, using a pressure gradient: transporting a gas comprising molten salt vapor from an electrolytic cell to and through a collector such that at least a portion of the molten salt vapor forms a solid within the collector; and transporting some or all of the gas from the collector through a gas scrubber.

Provided is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that treats exhaust gas generated from semiconductor process and directed to a vacuum pump. Exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes a plasma generating unit for generating plasma, a reaction chamber in which perfluoride is decomposed by the plasma to generate a decomposition gas, and gas supplying unit for supplying the decomposition gas from the reaction chamber to a processing chamber in which the exhaust gas from the semiconductor process is introduced and treated exhaust gas is discharged to the vacuum pump. Decomposition gas reacts with the exhaust gas in the processing chamber to suppress generation of salt in solid state by a component of the exhaust gas.

A method and a system for collaborative prediction and intelligent control of multiple pollutants in waste incineration flue gas are provided. The method includes: constructing a multi-pollutant collaborative prediction model for four types of flue gas pollutants in waste incineration flue gas based on a deep learning algorithm; constructing a cost index function considering an absorbent dosage and an environmental protection index function considering pollutant emission amounts by integrating multi-objective optimization methods; determining optimal dosage data of absorbents corresponding to the four types of flue gas pollutants; controlling and adjusting an opening degree of the dispensing valve of the each absorbent based on the optimal dosage data, thereby achieving intelligent control of multiple pollutants in waste incineration flue gas.

Processes for treating spent caustic in a hydrocarbon process utilizing HCl are described. The processes include sending the spent caustic to a caustic scrubbing system. HCl rich off gases are routed to the scrubbing system. This process is designed to deplete the NaOH in the spent caustic and form a brine solution. The brine is sent to an electrochemical cell to convert the NaCl to NaOH while generating chlorine and hydrogen gas. The NaOH generated from the electrochemical reaction is recycled back to the caustic scrubber, while the chlorine and hydrogen gas are combined and recycled back to the reaction zone.