A built-in apparatus and method for treating air including a housing with an air inlet and an air outlet. An air mover positioned near the air outlet is configured to draw the air through the air inlet. The housing encloses an air treatment zone, such as including an oxidizing zone, and an ozone removal zone positioned downstream of the air treatment zone and oxidizing zone. The air treatment zone includes UV light and/or ozone that partially oxidizes the chemical contaminants in the air treatment zone. A catalyst in the oxidizing zone oxidizes elements within the air treatment zone. The ozone removal zone includes a second, different catalyst material. A UV bulb that may or may not generate ozone is positioned within or downstream of the first and/or second catalyst materials to assist catalyst oxidation and/or self-clean the apparatus.

A processing facility is provided. The processing facility includes an asphaltenes and metals (AM) removal system configured to process a feed stream to produce a power generation stream, a hydroprocessing feed stream, and an asphaltenes stream. A power generation system is fed by the power generation feed stream. A hydroprocessing system is configured to process the hydroprocessing feed stream to form a gas stream and a liquid stream. A hydrogen production system is configured to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the gas feed stream. A carbon dioxide conversion system is configured to produce synthetic hydrocarbons from the carbon dioxide, and a cracking system is configured to process the liquid feed stream.

An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine is provided with an electrochemical reactor provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, and a voltage control device controlling a voltage supplied to the electrochemical reactor. The electrochemical reactor is provided with an ion conducting solid electrolyte layer and an anode layer and cathode layer placed on the surface of the solid electrolyte layer. The voltage control device is configured to perform short-circuit detection control detecting short-circuiting between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and energizing control applying current between the anode layer and the cathode layer so to energize the short-circuited part when short-circuiting is detected.

A catalytic reactor constructed of a thermally conductive housing defining a reaction zone having disposed therein: (a) a plurality of catalytic elements, each comprising a porous material having a catalyst supported thereon, and (b) a plurality of heat transfer elements, each comprising a porous, thermally conductive, and essentially catalytically inactive material; wherein the plurality of catalytic elements and the plurality of heat transfer elements are disposed in an alternating configuration within the reaction zone. The catalytic reactor is useful in chemical reactions where heat transfer is a rate limiting step.

An adsorption apparatus and associated method for capturing an target gaseous adsorbate from an atmospheric air based gaseous feed stream. The adsorption apparatus comprises: a housing enclosing at least one adsorption element for adsorbing the target gaseous adsorbate, the at least one adsorption element comprising at least one substrate coated with an adsorptive composite coating that comprises at least 50 wt % metal organic framework and at least one binder, the housing having an inlet through which the gaseous feed stream can flow to the adsorption element and an outlet through which gas can flow out from the housing; and a desorption arrangement in contact with and/or surrounding the at least one adsorption element, the desorption arrangement being selectively operable between (i) a deactivated state, and (ii) an activated state in which the arrangement is configured to heat, apply a reduced pressure or a combination thereof to the adsorptive composite coating to desorb at least a portion of the adsorbed target gaseous adsorbate from the adsorptive composite coating.

In an aspect a method of recovering hydrogen, the method comprises reacting a hydrocarbon to form a carbon compound and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the carbon compound comprises at least one of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide; separating the carbon compound from the hydrogen; directing the carbon compound to a cathode side of an electrochemical cell and directing water to an anode side of the electrochemical cell; electrolyzing the water on the anode side to form oxygen and protons; applying a voltage to a membrane and electrode assembly in the electrochemical cell to cause the protons to traverse through a proton exchange membrane from an anode to a cathode on the cathode side; and reacting the protons with the carbon compound to form an organic product.

An engine exhaust aftertreatment system having an organization and arrangement of certain selected components which achieve significant catalytic reduction of the known NOx pollutants (NO and NO.sub.2) in tailpipe-out exhaust, while also achieving significant catalytic reduction of sulfate pollutants in tailpipe-out exhaust.

A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers.

A hydrogen feed stream comprising oxygen and one or more impurities selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water, is purified by first removing oxygen using a copper oxide and/or manganese oxide getter, then using a cryogenic temperature swing adsorption (CTSA) process with high overall recovery of hydrogen. The oxygen getter prevents an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen from occurring in the CTSA during regeneration.

A hydrogen feed stream comprising one or more impurities selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water, is contacted with liquid hydrogen in a cryogenic wash column (CWC) process that produces pure hydrogen with high overall recovery. The waste liquid stream leaving the CWC may be used to improve the performance of upstream hydrogen processing steps.