A system for removing carbon dioxide from flow of gas having carbon dioxide including a venturi eductor configured to receive the flow of gas having carbon dioxide therein and a flow of an alkaline solution at a predetermined pH range. The venturi eductor is configured to introduce and mix the flow of gas having carbon dioxide therein into the flow of the alkaline solution to induce the transfer of the carbon dioxide into a carbonic acid solution and the subsequent conversion of the carbonic acid solution into a solution having metal carbonate therein. A reactor is coupled to the venturi eductor includes a volume of the alkaline solution and is configured to provide sufficient reaction time to augment the transfer of carbon dioxide into the carbonic acid solution and the subsequent conversion of the carbonic acid solution into a solution having metal carbonate therein and output a flow of treated gas having a majority of the carbon dioxide removed. A pump coupled to the reactor is configured to recycle the flow of alkaline solution from the reactor to the venturi eductor such that the venturi eductor introduces and mixes the flow of gas with the flow of the alkaline solution. An output is coupled to the reactor and is configured to output a flow of a solution having metal carbonate therein to minimize the formation of metal carbonate precipitate in the reactor. A pH adjustment subsystem is configured to maintain the pH of alkaline solution at the predetermined pH range.

A plant for a combustion process. The plant has a furnace to heat a material. A burner is configured to combust a carbon-based fuel with an oxidization gas to provide a flame into the furnace. The oxidization gas has at least 80 volume percent oxygen. The furnace has an exhaust outlet providing communication between the furnace and a flue. The exhaust outlet is configured to remove an exhaust gas produced during the combustion of the carbon-based fuel from the furnace to the flue. A nozzle located in the flue is configured to inject an ammonia in the flue, and thereby reduce the amount of NO.sub.x emissions in the exhaust gas.

The invention pertains to processes for separating gases, acid gas, hydrocarbons, air gases, or combinations thereof. The processes may employ using a liquid phase cloud point with or without subsequent liquid-liquid separation. In some embodiments membranes can be employed with reverse osmosis to regenerate a solvent and/or an antisolvent. In some embodiments thermal switching phase changes may be employed during absorption or desorption to facilitate separation.

A plant for a combustion process. The plant has a furnace to heat a material. A burner is configured to combust a carbon-based fuel with an oxidization gas to provide a flame into the furnace. The oxidization gas has at least 80 volume percent oxygen. The furnace has an exhaust outlet providing communication between the furnace and a flue. The exhaust outlet is configured to remove an exhaust gas produced during the combustion of the carbon-based fuel from the furnace to the flue. A nozzle located in the flue is configured to inject an ammonia in the flue, and thereby reduce the amount of NO.sub.x emissions in the exhaust gas.

A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

Ceramic candle filter and use of the filter in the removal of particulate matter in form of soot, ash, metals and metal compounds, together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas, the filter comprises a combined SCR and oxidation catalyst arranged at least on the dispersion side and/or within wall of the filter, the combined SCR and oxidation catalyst comprises palladium, a vanadium oxide and titania.

A method for recovering germanium from exhaust gas, includes: a first step of bringing the exhaust gas into contact with circulating water to move germanium; a second step of supplying the circulating water and a soluble iron salt to a reception tank; a third step of neutralizing the circulating water; and a fourth step of settling a precipitate in the circulating water. The first step to the fourth step are set as one cycle and are repeatedly executed in two or more cycles. In the second step of a second or subsequent cycle, at least a part of the precipitate obtained as the soluble iron salt in the fourth step is injected into the reception tank. The precipitate is taken out after executing the first step to the fourth step in a predetermined number of cycles.

A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

A process for melting vitrifiable materials to produce flat glass, including (i) providing a furnace having at least one melting tank with electrical heating means, a fining tank with oxy-combustion heating means, a neck separating melting tank and fining tank, inlet mean(s) located at the melting tank and outlet mean(s) located downstream of the fining tank; (ii) charging the vitrifiable materials including raw materials and cullet in the melting tank, the amount of cullet being at least 10% in weight of the total amount of vitrifiable materials and the raw materials including less than 25% in weight of carbonate compounds; (iii) melting the vitrifiable materials in the melting tank; (iv) fining melt by heating with the oxy-combustion heating means; (v) flowing the melt from the fining tank to a working zone through the outlet mean(s); and (vi) capturing CO.sub.2 from flue gas having a CO.sub.2 concentration of at least 35%.

A flue gas stream arising from fossil fuel fired sources containing nitrogen oxide contaminants is conveyed through an exhaust duct into a quencher. In the quencher aqueous medium is sprayed into contact with the flue gas stream. The quenched flue gas stream is mixed with ozone distributed at a high velocity in a sub-stoichiometric amount for partial oxidation of NO.sub.xto form NO.sub.2 and prevent the formation of N.sub.2O.sub.5. The flue gas containing NO.sub.2 is absorbed into an acidic medium of a wet scrubber to form nitrous acid. In the scrubber the nitrous acid is mixed with selected compounds of ammonia to decompose the nitrous acid for release of nitrogen. With this process the consumption of ozone and the operating costs associated therewith eliminate the requirement to dispose of nitrate recovered from the scrubber purge stream.