Methods and apparatuses for separating CO.sub.2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

A liquid air energy storage system comprises an air liquefier, a liquid air storage facility for storing the liquefied air, and a power recovery unit coupled to the liquid air storage facility. The air liquefier comprises an air input, an adsorption air purification unit for purifying the input air, and a cold box for liquefying the purified air. The power recovery unit comprise a pump for pressurizing the liquefied air from the liquid air storage facility; an evaporator for transforming the high-pressure liquefied air into high-pressure gaseous air; an expansion turbine capable of being driven by the high-pressure gaseous air; a generator for generating electricity from the expansion turbine; and an exhaust for exhausting low-pressure gaseous air from the expansion turbine. The exhaust is coupled to the adsorption air purification unit such that at least a portion of the low-pressure gaseous air exhausted from the expansion turbine is usable to regenerate the adsorption air purification unit.

Provided are apparatus and systems having a lessened pulsation through the use of a pulse flow control mechanism. In performing a cyclical swing adsorption process, various streams are passed through adsorbent bed units during various steps in the swing adsorption process. The pulse flow control mechanism is utilized within a manifold of one of the streams to lessen pulsation within the manifold that results from performing the various steps.

A device for arrangement in a container of a sorption dryer for a fluid, wherein a cartridge for accommodating a drying agent can be inserted into the container, wherein the device has at least one projection and/or at least one recess on a front side, wherein the projection and/or the recess is arranged eccentrically on the front side.

In some aspects, a method for incremental hydrogen production includes separating in a first Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA) system an existing reformer synthesis gas product stream into a first hydrogen stream and a first waste stream. The first waste stream is compressed to at least 40 bar to produce a compressed waste stream. Water is removed from the compressed waste stream to produce a dried waste stream. Carbon dioxide is removed from the dried waste stream to produce a remaining waste stream, and the removed carbon dioxide is at least 85% of carbon dioxide in the existing reformer synthesis gas product stream. A second PSA system separates the remaining waste stream into a second hydrogen stream and a second waste stream, and the second hydrogen stream comprises at least 11% of hydrogen from the existing reformer synthesis gas product stream.

System and method for removing molecular contaminants from an air stream are disclosed. The system includes first, second and third filter. The first filter removes organic contaminants from an air stream passing through the first filter. The second filter is downstream of the first filter, is physically and chemically exchangeable with the first filter and removes organic contaminants from the air stream output of the first filter. The third filter, downstream of the second filter, is not exchangeable with the first filter or the second filter. The first position filter can be replaced by the second filter in the second position when the first filter in the first position becomes depleted as detected. A new filter in the second filter position is inserted. Replacing the depleted first filter with the second downstream filter reduces costs and waste while inserting the new filter in the second position ensures removing organic contaminants.

Disclosed are methods for removing acid gas from a feed stream of natural gas including acid gas, methane and ethane. The methods include alternating input of the feed stream between at least two beds of adsorbent particles comprising zeolite SSZ-13 such that the feed stream contacts one of the at least two beds at a given time in an adsorption step and a tail gas stream is simultaneously vented from another of the at least two beds in a desorption step. The contact occurs at a feed pressure of from about 50 to about 1000 psia for a sufficient period of time to preferentially adsorb acid gas from the feed stream. A product gas stream is produced containing no greater than about 2 mol % carbon dioxide and at least about 65 mol % of methane recovered from the feed stream and at least about 25 mol % of ethane recovered from the feed stream. The feed stream is input at a feed end of each bed. The product gas stream is removed from a product end of each bed. The tail gas stream is vented from the feed end of each bed. The methods require lower vacuum power consumption and allow improved hydrocarbon recoveries compared with known methods.

Disclosed are methods for removing acid gas from a feed stream of natural gas including acid gas, methane and ethane. The methods include alternating input of the feed stream between at least two beds of adsorbent particles comprising zeolite SSZ-13 such that the feed stream contacts one of the at least two beds at a given time in an adsorption step and a tail gas stream is simultaneously vented from another of the at least two beds in a desorption step. The contact occurs at a feed pressure of from about 50 to about 1000 psia for a sufficient period of time to preferentially adsorb acid gas from the feed stream. A product gas stream is produced containing no greater than about 2 mol % carbon dioxide and at least about 65 mol % of methane recovered from the feed stream and at least about 25 mol % of ethane recovered from the feed stream. The feed stream is input at a feed end of each bed. The product gas stream is removed from a product end of each bed. The tail gas stream is vented from the feed end of each bed. The methods require lower vacuum power consumption and allow improved hydrocarbon recoveries compared with known methods.

Methods and apparatuses for separating CO.sub.2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

This disclosure relates generally to apparatus and process of modular true moving bed for gas separation using heat exchange reactor. Conventional moving bed adsorption reactor, in which adsorbent particles flow under the effect of gravity from top to bottom, lack in addressing particle attrition of adsorbent particles, and this attrition results in lower particle life and increased process cost. The modular true moving bed apparatus is a heat exchange reactor arrangement directs a gaseous mixture via a tube inlet port of an adsorption zone containing sorbent material. Further, a target gas adsorbed from the gaseous mixture passed through the tube inlet port by the sorbent material present inside each cartridge. Then, the target gas is evacuated from the plurality of cartridges while passing through the cooling zone. The counter-flow between the target gas and the sorbent material containing carriages results in shorter reaction enhancing heat and mass transfer characteristics.