A staged complementary pressure swing adsorption system and method for low energy fractionation of a mixed fluid. Two beds in a four-column PSA system are selective for component A, and another two columns are selective for component B. The cycle creates an intermittent A and B product, using the purge effluent from the complementary product fed at an intermediate pressure. This intermittent product is used as purge gas for low-pressure purged elsewhere in the cycle using appropriate storage tanks. The use of an intermediate pressure in this cycle enables continuous production of purified component A and B without the use of compressors. Columns may also be configured to enable pressure to equalize between complementary columns.

Systems and methods for using pressure swing adsorption to separate and/or capture resulting emissions are provided. A stream of recycled exhaust gas is passed into a first swing adsorption reactor comprising a first adsorbent material which adsorbs CO.sub.2. An enriched N.sub.2 stream is recovered from a forward end of the first swing adsorption reactor. The pressure in the first swing adsorption reactor is reduced. The first swing adsorption reactor is purged with a portion of the first N.sub.2 stream recovered from the first swing adsorption reactor. The first purge output is passed to a second swing adsorption reactor comprising a second adsorbent material which adsorbs CO.sub.2. A second N.sub.2 stream is recovered from the second swing adsorption reactor. The pressure in the second swing adsorption reactor is reduced. The second swing adsorption reactor is purged with a steam purge.

In various aspects, apparatuses, systems, and methods are provided for performing two stage separation of CO2 from a gaseous stream. The first stage adsorbent can be comprised of a plurality of cylindrical or substantially cylindrical rings. The first stage adsorbent can be comprised of a metal organic framework. The second stage adsorbent can be subject to a displacement desorption process. The second stage adsorbent can be comprised of a support and a metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline earth. The first and second stage adsorbent can be arranged concentrically for space and efficiency considerations.

A fuel vapor processing apparatus may include a first adsorption chamber, a second adsorption chamber and a third adsorption chamber that are arranged in series with respect to a flow of gas. A ratio of a length to a diameter of the second adsorption chamber may be larger than a ratio of a length to a diameter of the first adsorption chamber. A filling ratio of an adsorbent within the second adsorption chamber may be smaller than a filling ratio of an adsorbent within the first adsorption chamber.

A fuel vapor processing apparatus may include a first adsorption chamber, a second adsorption chamber and a third adsorption chamber that are connected in series with respect to a flow of gas. A ratio of a length to a diameter of the second adsorption chamber may be larger than that of the first adsorption chamber. A cross sectional area of each of the second and third adsorption chambers may be smaller than a cross sectional area of the first adsorption chamber.

Disclosed are embodiments of a filter unit containing a water adsorbent material in the form of water adsorbent particles in a packed bed and a gas adsorbent material in the form of gas adsorbent particles in a packed bed. In embodiments, the gas adsorbent material is downstream from the water adsorbent material in a direction of operation. Further disclosed are methods of preparing and using the filter units.

Disclosed are embodiments of a filter unit containing a water adsorbent material in the form of water adsorbent particles in a packed bed and a gas adsorbent material in the form of gas adsorbent particles in a packed bed. In embodiments, the gas adsorbent material is downstream from the water adsorbent material in a direction of operation. Further disclosed are methods of preparing and using the filter units.

Systems for generation of liquid water are provided. In embodiments, the systems comprise a thermal desiccant unit comprising a porous hygroscopic material located within a housing including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a working fluid that accumulates heat and water vapor upon flowing from fluid inlet of the housing, through the porous hygroscopic material, and to the fluid outlet of the housing, a condenser comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for condensing water vapor from the working fluid; an enthalpy exchange unit operatively coupled between the thermal desiccant unit and the condenser, wherein the enthalpy exchange unit transfers enthalpy between the working fluid output from the thermal desiccant unit and the working fluid input to the thermal desiccant unit, and, wherein the enthalpy exchange unit transfers enthalpy between the working fluid output from the condenser and the working fluid input to the condenser.

A system for gas separation includes a first housing, a first reactor section that includes first adsorbent beds that are disposed within the first housing, a second housing, and a second reactor section that includes a second adsorbent bed disposed within the second housing. The first adsorbent beds (i) include respective solid sorbents configured to adsorb target molecules from a fluid stream that is subject to the gas separation and (ii) are arranged in parallel with respect to each other and relative to a flow direction of the fluid stream. The second adsorbent bed (i) includes a respective solid sorbent configured to adsorb the target molecules from the fluid stream and (ii) is staged in series relative to the first adsorbent beds and the flow direction. Each of the first adsorbent beds has a volume that is different from a volume of the second adsorbent bed.

A method for classifying at least two or more resins, the method comprising: a purification step of removing volatile components by subjecting resins to be classified to a heat treatment at a temperature lower than each decomposition temperature; a decomposition step of subjecting the resins to be classified to a pyrolysis treatment at a temperature higher than each decomposition temperature to obtain pyrolysates of the resins; an analysis step of separating and analyzing the pyrolysates using a two-dimensional gas chromatograph mass spectrometer; a table creation step of creating a table by performing assignment of peaks appearing in each two-dimensional chromatogram obtained after the analysis step and alignment between the two-dimensional chromatograms; and a classification step of classifying resins by performing multivariate analysis based on the created table.