A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

A system for producing carbonaceous materials is disclosed that includes an energy source configured to emit microwave energy and a plasma reactor coupled to receive the microwave energy and configured to produce plasma in response to exposure of one or more process gases to the microwave energy. In some instances, the plasma reactor includes a first chamber having a rectangular cross-section and configured to receive the microwave energy from the energy source as sinusoidal waveform, a second chamber having a cylindrical cross-section and configured to receive microwave energy from the first chamber as a radial waveform having an energy maxima at a radial center of the cylindrical cross-section, the second chamber including an opening to receive one or more process gases and configured to ignite a plasma plume, and a gas-solid separator configured to separate solid materials from the plasma plume.

A method of regenerating spent aqueous solvent using microwave absorbers featuring: adding a microwave absorber to a spent CO.sub.2 solvent solution, forming a mixture of microwave absorber material dispersed in the spent CO.sub.2 solvent solution, wherein the spent CO.sub.2 solvent solution is an aqueous solution of spent CO.sub.2 sorbent, wherein spent CO.sub.2 sorbent is a CO.sub.2 sorbent with CO.sub.2 absorbed thereon; and exposing the mixture to microwaves, resulting in desorption of absorbed CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2 sorbent, regenerating CO.sub.2 sorbent. A system for regenerating spent aqueous solvent having: a mixture having: an aqueous solution of a spent CO.sub.2 sorbent, wherein the spent CO.sub.2 sorbent is a CO.sub.2 sorbent with CO.sub.2 absorbed thereon; and a microwave absorber material mixed in the aqueous solution of spent CO.sub.2 sorbent, wherein the microwave absorber material is an electrical insulator that is configured to be polarized by an applied electric field.

A reactor for treating gaseous pollutants includes an inlet module, a reaction module, one or more microwave modules, and a susceptor. The inlet module includes one or more guiding conduits configured to guide an effluent stream from a process. The reaction module is in fluid communication with the inlet module and includes a body and a reaction chamber. The guiding conduit is connected to the reaction chamber. The microwave module includes a microwave generation unit and a waveguide unit, wherein the waveguide unit is connected to the reaction chamber and configured to transmit microwave radiation generated by the microwave generation unit into the reaction chamber. The susceptor is disposed within the reaction chamber and configured to receive the microwave radiation from the waveguide unit and convert the microwave radiation into thermal energy.

A methane purification apparatus includes: a flow path through which a first gas containing methane flows; an ozone supply unit that supplies ozone to the first gas; a catalyst that decomposes methane contained in a second gas containing the first gas flowing through the flow path and ozone supplied by the ozone supply unit; and a microwave output unit that outputs microwaves around the catalyst in the flow path.

A device for gas purification treatment may include: a light oxidation reactor, a light source being disposed in the light oxidation reactor, the light source being configured to emit first light and second light, the light oxidation reactor being configured to perform a first-stage purification treatment on a gas under irradiation of the first light; a catalytic ozone oxidation reactor configured for second-stage purification treatment of the gas; a photocatalytic reactor configured to perform a third-stage purification treatment on the gas under irradiation of the second light; wherein, the photocatalytic reactor is adjacent to the light oxide reactor, and the photocatalytic reactor and the light oxide reactor are separated by a light transmittance component, so that the second light passes through the light transmittance component into the photocatalytic reactor.

A gas purification system with a water tank, a reaction cavity, a condensation trap device and a dust collection chamber is disclosed. The reaction cavity uses a negative pressure suction to transport a water vapor and a gas to be processed into the reaction cavity, the gas to be processed at least contains a waste gas that can react with the water vapor, so that the water vapor contacts the waste gas in the gas to be processed and performs a reaction to obtain at least one product. The condensation trap device performs a condensation capture processing and a centrifugal separation processing on the product. The dust collection chamber is used to collect the product thrown out by centrifugal force and/or dropped by gravity.