The present disclosure relates to methods of scrubbing of gas by exposure to electrons and apparatuses therefor. Such methods and apparatuses could be used to reduce harmful emissions created by the burning of fossil fuels, e.g. to power ships. According to one aspect there is provided apparatus for electron irradiation scrubbing, said apparatus comprising: an anode; a cathode a nanostructure located between said anode and said cathode, said nanostructure being configured to field-emit electrons in response to the presence of an electric field between the anode and cathode when a potential difference is established therebetween; and a housing coupled to said nanostructure and configured for locating the nanostructure so that it extends into a container containing gas to be scrubbed such that an interior of said container can be exposed to said electrons. According to further aspects there are provided systems comprising such apparatus and methods making use of it.

A gas recovery system, which recovers a gas to be recovered from a mixed gas by an electrochemical reaction, includes a plurality of electrochemical cells each having a working electrode and a counter electrode. The plurality of electrochemical cells are stacked, and a gas flow path through which the mixed gas flows is provided between the adjacent electrochemical cells. A support part is disposed between the adjacent electrochemical cells. A predetermined gap is provided between the adjacent electrochemical cells by the support part to form the gas flow path.

Burning of hydrocarbon fuels in a combustion engine creates pollutants that include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and various hydrocarbons. Catalytic converter which is designed to reduce such pollutants relies on precious metal catalysts like platinum. There is an ongoing need to find more effective methods of pollution control as well as cheaper alternatives to precious metals. The solution proposed in this disclosure takes advantage of electrical characteristics of exhaust gases. Some of the pollutants in the exhaust gas exhibit positive electron affinity. Such pollutants are converted to negative ions by providing extra electrons. Many of the pollutants have charge distributions which facilitate electrical interactions with the ions. They are attracted to the ions to form clusters. Pollutant clusters formed as such are separated from the rest of the exhaust gas by electric and/or magnetic forces.

A gravel circulation dry electrostatic precipitator includes: a drying unit (S1) which conveys and uniformly mixes, heats, and dries recycled aggregates, containing a large amount of moisture, among the materials of asphalt-concrete; a first dust collection and purification unit (S2); a second dust collection and purification unit (S3) in which fine dust, remaining after the odor-inducing substances, harmful gases, and dust that have passed through the first dust collection and purification unit (S2) are filtered by a filter, is discharged to the outside by a screw(S) provided at the lower end of a hopper, and a discharge unit (S4) which uses a turbo fan (F) to forcibly suction fresh air that has passed through the second dust collection and purification unit (S3), thereby discharging same via an outlet (400).

A purifying device, including: an air guiding part provided with an air passage, a negative ion generator, and an air guiding cover. The negative ion generator includes an emitting head, and the emitting head is arranged to face the air passage. The air guiding part is provided with a first position limiting structure disposed on an inner wall of the air passage, and the first position limiting structure is provided with a position limiting groove configured to receive the emitting head. The air guiding cover is arranged on a top of the inner wall of the air passage and configured to press and cover the position limiting groove, and the inner wall of the air passage is configured to support the air guiding cover.

An improved process and for removing NO.sub.x from exhaust gases produced by combustion-based energy sources. Catalyst-free exhaust gas is directed into one or more ducts. The gas is cooled and then passes through the duct, wherein the gas flow rate and the electron beam pulse rate are configured to cause each successive volume of gas that flows past the window to be subjected to only a single electron beam pulse in the reaction chamber. A single short, intense electron beam is fired into the exhaust through a window in the reaction chamber as the exhaust flows past the window, with some of the electrons being reflected back into the gas by a reflective plate situated opposite the window. The deposited electron energy causes NO.sub.x from the exhaust to be converted into N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 which are output into the atmosphere with the thus-scrubbed exhaust.

A chemical substance concentrator is configured to concentrate a chemical substance in a gaseous object. The chemical substance concentrator includes a channel in which a gaseous object flows, an adsorbent being conductive and configured to adsorb the chemical substance, and a pair of electrodes configured to cause a current to flow in the adsorbent.

An improved process and for removing NO.sub.x from exhaust gases produced by combustion-based energy sources. Catalyst-free exhaust gas is directed into one or more ducts. The gas is cooled and then passes through the duct, wherein the gas flow rate and the electron beam pulse rate are configured to cause each successive volume of gas that flows past the window to be subjected to only a single electron beam pulse in the reaction chamber. A single short, intense electron beam is fired into the exhaust through a window in the reaction chamber as the exhaust flows past the window, with some of the electrons being reflected back into the gas by a reflective plate situated opposite the window. The deposited electron energy causes NO.sub.x from the exhaust to be converted into N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 which are output into the atmosphere with the thus-scrubbed exhaust.

A CO.sub.2 recovery apparatus according to the present invention comprises: an absorption tower comprising a CO.sub.2 absorption unit in which an exhaust gas containing CO.sub.2 and a lean solution comprising an amino group-containing compound are brought into contact with each other to allow the lean solution to absorb CO.sub.2; a regeneration tower in which CO.sub.2 contained in a rich solution is separated to regenerate the rich solution; and a purification unit in which an amino group-containing compound in a CO.sub.2-removed exhaust gas obtained by removing CO.sub.2 in the CO.sub.2 absorption unit is removed from, wherein the purification unit comprises a catalytic unit in which a photocatalyst is supported on a carrier including a gap through which air can pass, an activation member which activates the photocatalyst, and a power supply unit. The activation member is a pair of electrodes comprising a first electrode and a second electrode.

Apparatuses and methods are provided for applying accelerated electrons to a gaseous medium by means of an electron beam generator, which has at least one cathode for emitting electrons and at least one electron exit window, wherein a) the at least one cathode is annular and the at least one electron exit window is in the form of an annular first hollow cylinder, the annular electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder forms an inner wall of an annular housing of the electron beam generator, wherein the electrons emitted by the cathode are accelerated to the ring axis of the annular housing; b) an annular second hollow cylinder is arranged within the electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder and delimits an annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; c) a cooling gas is fed through the annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; and d) the gaseous medium to which accelerated electrons are to be applied is fed through the second hollow cylinder.