A disk-pack turbine for use, for example, in systems and methods in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through a vortex chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. The rotors and/or disks having waveform patterns on at least one side. In at least one embodiment, the waveform patterns include a plurality of hyperbolic waveforms travelling around an axial center of the disk with each hyperbolic waveform having a varying diameter along the waveform.

Described is a particle filtration system that protects a gas segregation region from lunar regolith dust by using, among other filtration elements, an integrated electromagnetic and electrostatic dust repelling system. The system includes a particle intake chamber with a particle repelling screen comprising a planar array of conductive wires energized with phase-shifted alternating current to generate a time-varying magnetic field. This field repels iron-rich dust particles laterally. An ionizing element located between the particle repelling screen and the gas segregation region. The ionizing element generates one or more electron curtains that charge neutral dust particles, which are then drawn to paired conductive plates via electrostatic attraction. A final-stage ULPA mesh filter captures any remaining particles, ensuring only gas enters the gas segregation region. This design enhances dust mitigation, improves gas collection efficiency, and protects sensitive components in harsh extraterrestrial environments.

A method for efficiently removing non-magnetic foreign material, from a carbonaceous material dispersion in which carbonaceous material particles are dispersed in a dispersing medium, includes applying the dispersion to a primary filter a specified number of times in circulation, the primary filter including at least one filter device; and applying the dispersion treated with the primary filter to a secondary filter a single time, the secondary filter including at least two filter devices arranged in series. Each respective filter device to be used satisfying following conditions: (a) a variation of cumulative undersize distribution Q [%] with respect to a reference particle diameter and a variation of non-volatile content, before and after passing the carbonaceous material dispersion, being not more than 0.1%, respectively; and (b) a removal rate of particles with a threshold particle diameter being not less than 20%.

A method of carbon-capture sorbent regeneration is provided. The method includes obtaining a sorbent that includes adsorbed carbon dioxide. Magnetic nanoparticles are introduced to the sorbent and adsorbed carbon dioxide to form a mixture. A magnetic field is applied to the mixture. The magnetic nanoparticles generate heat which releases carbon dioxide from the sorbent, thereby regenerating the sorbent. The magnetic nanoparticles include iron oxides, doped ferrites, functionalized iron oxides, functionalized ferrites, and composite materials that are combinations of these. The sorbent includes liquid and solid sorbents, and the regenerated sorbent may be utilized for further carbon capture.

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for treating wastewater, the method comprising the steps of: providing a vessel for receiving wastewater and a gas, wherein the gas comprises one or more constituent gas components; directing the wastewater and a first gas component of the gas to the vessel; reducing the temperature of the contents of the vessel from a first temperature to a second temperature to facilitate the formation of clathrate hydrates comprising the wastewater and the first gas component; increasing the temperature of the contents of the vessel with respect to the second temperature to facilitate melting of the clathrate hydrates; and removing clean water and/or the first gas component from the vessel.

Disclosed is a segregating gas arrangement that generally comprises a gas segregation chamber, at least one cooling plate in the gas segregation chamber, and a carbon adsorber in an adsorption gas capturing chamber. The gas segregation chamber has a rim that when resting atop regolith defines a first interior environment. The cooling plates are in the gas segregation chamber, wherein the cooling plates are maintained at a first temperature above 5 K, which is a condensation temperature that higher temperature condensing gases will condense. The adsorption gas capturing chamber defines a second interior environment that is in communication with the first interior environment. The carbon adsorber is in the second interior environment and is maintained at a second temperature below 3 K. The carbon adsorber is configured to capture the low temperature condensing gas.

A method for efficiently removing non-magnetic foreign material, from a carbonaceous material dispersion in which carbonaceous material particles are dispersed in a dispersing medium, includes applying the dispersion to a primary filter a specified number of times in circulation, the primary filter including at least one filter device; and applying the dispersion treated with the primary filter to a secondary filter a single time, the secondary filter including at least two filter devices arranged in series. Each respective filter device to be used satisfying following conditions: (a) a variation of cumulative undersize distribution Q [%] with respect to a reference particle diameter and a variation of non-volatile content, before and after passing the carbonaceous material dispersion, being not more than 0.1%, respectively; and (b) a removal rate of particles with a threshold particle diameter being not less than 20%.